Page 21 - 《含能材料》2018年优秀论文

Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of CL‑20‑Based Aluminized Explosive in Underwater Explosion 687

ble energy. Aluminum particles can react with deto‑ sion. The images of bubble of two formulations of
nation products under the high pressure and high the explosives were acquired by a high speed video
temperature condition behind the detonation wave， camera. The bubble of CL ‑ 20 ‑ based explosive was
which are usually called secondary reaction ［11-12］ . compared with that of CL‑20‑based aluminized explo‑
Although aluminized explosives have been applied sive and the difference between them was discussed.
for a long time，the reaction mechanisms of them is The paper also investigated the effect of alumi‑
still not entirely clear. Because it is difficult to mea‑ num powder content on shock wave energy，bubble
sure how much aluminum reacts with the detonation energy and total energy. Compared with convention‑
products behind C‑J state and determine the reaction al explosive（TNT），we did an analysis of the advan‑
rate. Different computer codes and computational tage of the total energy of CL ‑ 20 ‑ based explosive
software have been applied to the reaction mecha‑ and CL ‑20 ‑based aluminized explosive. In addition
nism by more and more researchers. For example， to the experiments，we simulated the process of bub‑
BKW ［13］ ， RUBY ［14］ ， TIGER ［15］ ， CHEQ ［16］ ， JAG‑ ble movement.
UAR ［17］ and CHEETAH ［18］ codes，some of them can
make good estimates for zero，partial，and full alu‑ 2 Experiment
minum reaction with the detonation products. Other
computer codes and numerical methods are also The experiment was conductedina2 m×2 m×2 m
used to predict performance parameters of alumi‑ water tank. The surface height of water in the tank
nized explosives ［19-21］ . In addition to the above cal‑ was 1.6 m. The charge was placed at the center
culation methods，the commercial software such as 0.8 m below the water surface. The distance be‑
LSDYNA and AUTODYNA have been widely ap‑ tween explosion center and pressure transducer was
plied to calculate performance parameters of alumi‑ 0.7 m. The high‑speed camera was put 1.4 m away
nized explosives in air or water，which include igni‑ from the explosion source. To avoid the influence of
tion and growth model ［22］ and Jones ‑ Wilkins ‑ Lee reflected shock wave on the bubble pulsation process，
（JWL） ［23-25］ equation of state（EOS）with a Miller ex‑ a white low impedance material was attached to the
tension for the simulation of aluminized explosives. wall of the water tank，because the low impedance
The total expansion work of explosives can be materials generally have an excellent shock attenuat‑
calculated by underwater explosion method，which ing capacity. Explosion charge，pressure transducer
normally is a value close to the heat of explosion or and high‑speed camera were located in the same hori‑
detonation ［26］ . By computing the shock energy and zontal line. The scheme of the small explosion water
bubble energy，energy output structure for the under‑ tank was shown in Fig.1. In this underwater explosion
water explosion can be obtained ［27］ . Many numerical experiment，CL‑20‑based explosive and CL‑20‑based
simulations of underwater explosion have also been aluminized explosive were used. The mass of each
conducted in the past few decades，including shock sample is 5 g. The height of each sample is 15 mm. The
waves ［28-29］ ，bubble pulsation ［30］ ，structural respons‑ composition and densities of the charges are listed in
es ［31-32］ . In underwater explosion，the transient load of Table 1. Every sample was tested twice in parallel.
the bubble pulsation will have great impact on the JO ‑9159（95% HMX and 5% binder，1.860 g·cm -3
ship. The researchers are concentrating on under‑ in density，1 cm in diameter，0.5 cm in height，det‑
standing the bubble movement. The images of bubble Table 1 Composition and sizes of test samples
movement are acquired by a high speed video camera
sample composition height /mm density/g·cm -3
and processed by image processing software ［33-35］ . 1 # CL‑20/Estane/G/W 14.68 1.929
As said above，we designed an experimental in‑ 2 # 95/3.5/0.5/1.0 14.68 1.929
stallation to study CL‑20‑based explosive and CL‑20‑ 3 # CL‑20/Al/Estane/G/W 14.21 1.993
based aluminized explosive in underwater explo‑ 4 # 80/15/3.5/0.5/1.0 14.20 1.994

CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS 含能材料 2018 年 第 26 卷 第 8 期 （686-695）