Abstract:
YUAN Zhi-feng , ZHANG Yu , GAO Zhe , XU Kang-zhen , SONG Ji-rong , ZHAO Feng-qi
2014, 22(4):436-440. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.002
Abstract:A new energetic Zn-FOX-7 complex [Zn(en)3](FOX-7)2 was firstly synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (FOX-7, 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene). The crystal is monoclinic, space group C2/c with crystal parameters of a=0.77170(16) nm, b=1.6720(3) nm, c=1.6996(3) nm, β=94.333(3)°, V=2.1867(7) nm3, Z=4, μ=1.194 mm-1, F(000)=1112, Dc=1.628 g·cm-3, R1=0.0359, wR2=0.0955. Thermal decomposition of [Zn(en)3](FOX-7)2 was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry methods. Results show that central Zn2+ ion is coordinated by six N atoms from three ethylenediamine molecules, which form a distorted octahedral structure, and while FOX-7- anion has no coordination with central Zn2+ ion. The self-accelerating decomposition temperature and critical temperature of thermal explosion of [Zn(en)3](FOX-7)2 are 167.1 ℃ and 168.8 ℃, respectively. [Zn(en)3](FOX-7)2 exhibits lower thermal stability than Zn(NH3)2(FOX-7)2. The impact sensitivity of [Zn(en)3](FOX-7)2 is about 20.6 J.
QIU Wen-ge , LIU Hu-bing , DONG Kai , SUN Cheng-hui , PANG Si-ping , BAI Guang-mei , ZI Xue-hong , ZHANG Gui-zhen , HE Hong
2014, 22(4):441-446. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.003
Abstract:Pd(OH)2/C catalyst is a key material for the preparation of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW, CL-20). Several Pd(OH)2/C catalysts for the hydrogenolytic debenzylation of hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW) were prepared through soaking-deposition method with three types of commercial activated carbons as carriers. Effects of the surface properties and pore size distributions of activated carbons, the preparation temperature of catalyst, the kinds of base and the loading amount of palladium on the catalytic activity of Pd(OH)2/C catalyst were investigated. The catalytic activity and the characteristics of N2 adsorption, temperature programmed desorption (TPD), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) show that the catalytic activity of Pd(OH)2/C catalyst is strongly influenced by the surface property and pore size distribution of activated carbon, reaction temperature and the loading amount of palladium, whereas the specific surface area of activated carbon and the kinds of base used in preparation process of catalyst are not key factors affecting the properties of Pd(OH)2/C catalyst. Using disodium carbonate as base source and 30% nitric acid pretreated granular activated carbon (produced by ACROS Organics Company) as carrier, the 9% Pd(OH)2/C catalyst prepared under the reaction temperature of 5 ℃, has the best catalytic activity. When the amount of palladium used in catalyst is 0.3%(wt/wt) of HBIW substrate, the product yield of hydrogenolytic debenzylation-acetylation reaction of HBIW reaches 93%
SUN Lu , LING Yi-fei , ZHANG Ping-ping , LUO Jun
2014, 22(4):447-453. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.004
Abstract:2, 2, 4, 4-Tetranitroadamantane was synthesized via Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, lactone rearrangement, ketalization, oxidation and gem-nitration etc unit reaction using adamantan-2-one as raw material. The synthesis condition of an important intermediate 4, 4-(ethylenedioxy)adamantan-2-one was optimized. The gem-nitration reaction of 4, 4-(ethylenedioxy)adamantan-2-one oxime was performed using green nitration agent dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5). The effects of solvent, temperature, reaction time and ratio of material on the first-step gem-nitration reaction were investigated. Results show that the optimum reaction conditions of the reaction are determined as: methylene chloride as solvent, the molar ratio of 4, 4-(ethylenedioxy)adamantan-2-one oxime to N2O5 is 1:3, reaction temperature 45 ℃ and reaction time 30 min with yield of 52.3%. The overall yield of 2, 2, 4, 4-tetranitroadamantane is 14.2%, which is 1.9 times higher than that reported in reference.
JING Mei , SHU Yuan-jie , WANG Jun , MA Qing , ZHANG Xiao-yu , HUANG Yi-gang
2014, 22(4):454-457. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.005
Abstract:1-Amino-2, 4-dinitroimidazole (ADNI) was synthesized by amination of 2, 4-dinitroimidazole with 2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzenesulfonic hydroxylamine (MSH) in a total yield of 57.8%. The structure of ADNI was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, LC-MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Results show that ADNI belongs to orthorhombic system, space group Pca21 with a=10.0626(14) Å, b=55.684(8) Å, c=11.5639(15) Å, Z=4, Dc=1.774 g·cm-3, and DSC test results reveal that ADNI has good thermal stability.
SONG Xiao-lan , WANG Yi , WANG Jing-yu , ZHANG Jing-lin , JIAO Qin-jie
2014, 22(4):458-461. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.006
Abstract:1, 2, 3, 4-Erythrityl tetranitrate(ETN) was prepared by using erythritol as raw material and the fuming nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid as nitrating agent and catalyst, respectively. It was characterized by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and sensitivity tests. Results show that ETN is random lamelliform and has an endothermic peak (melt) and a broadening exothermic peak in thermal decomposition and its activation energy is 187.05 kJ·mol-1. The theoretical calculation shows the formation heat is 506.9 kJ·mol-1, and detonation velocity is 8467.3 m·s-1, and detonation heat is 8492 J·g-1, and detonation pressure is 34.5 GPa. The H50 of ETN is 18.1 cm, the frictional explosive percent is 68% and the 5 s explosive point is 208.86 ℃, which is more sensitivity than PETN.
HUANG Hai-feng , YANG Jun , YANG Pu , LI Xiao-qiang , LI Hui , YU Yan
2014, 22(4):462-466. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.007
Abstract:Sodium 5, 5′-bistetrazole-1, 1′-diolate tetrahydrate (SBTD·4H2O), a key intermediate for the synthesis of energetic salts based on 1, 1′-dihydryoxl-5, 5′-bistetrazole (BTD), was synthesized by one-pot using dichloroglyoxime as starting material, and was characterized by infrared spectrum (IR), elemental analysis (EA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystal structure of SBTD·4H2O was determined by X-ray diffraction and its thermal behavior was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)-thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Additionally, the impact and friction sensitivity of SBTD·4H2O were determined according to GJB772A-1997. Results show that SBTD·4H2O belongs to triclinic space groups P-1 with the density of 1.761 g·cm-3, and the cell parameters are as following: a=5.6440(11) Å, b=6.4476(17) Å, c=8.303(11) Å, α=100.131(5)°, β=96.789(3)°, γ=112.157(3)°, V=1, Dc=1.761 g·cm-3, F(000)=146, μ(Mo Kα)=0.227 mm-1. SBTD·4H2O starts to loss the crystal water at 84.4 ℃ with the heating rate of 10 K·min-1, and it begins to decompose at 368.8 ℃ with the peak decomposition temperature of 398.6 ℃, which demonstrates that SBTD·4H2O has good thermal stability. H50 of SBTD·4H2O is greater than 100 cm and friction sensitivity is 0%, showing the title compound insensitive to impact and friction.
CHEN Bai-li , JIN Bo , PENG Ru-fang , ZHAO Feng-qi , YI Jian-hua , GUAN Hui-juan , BU Xing-bing , CHU Shi-jin
2014, 22(4):467-472. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.008
Abstract:Fullerene ethylenediamine dinitramide was synthesized via ion exchange reaction of fullerene ethylenediamine nitrate and ammonium dinitramide (ADN). The structure of fullerene ethylenediamine dinitramide was characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, elemental analysis and XPS. Its thermal decomposition characteristics were investigated by thermogravimetric-differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Results show that the molecular formula of fullerene ethylenediamine dinitramide is H12C60(HNCH2CH2NH2·HN(NO2)2)12. DSC curve shows that fullerene ethylenediamine dinitramide starts to decompose at 150 ℃ with thermal decomposition peak temperature 203 ℃ and decomposition enthalpy 1037.7 J·g-1. TG study indicats the total mass loss in the temperature range 100-800 ℃ is 49.68% with intense decomposing of N(NO2)2- and part of the branched chain decomposing.
LIU Ning , LIAN Peng , LAI Wei-peng , LI Hui , WANG Bo-zhou
2014, 22(4):473-477. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.009
Abstract:Six difurazanopyrazine derivatives (Ⅰ~Ⅵ) were synthesized using 4H, 8H-difurazano[3, 4-b:3′, 4′-e]pyrazine(DFP) as starting material, via salification, substitution, addition, nitration, chlorination and azidation reaction, and their structures were characterized by IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. Using compound Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅵ with nitrofurazan, ntriateester, azide group as typical one, the thermal performances were studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetric(TG), and the physical and chemical properties were calculated by Gaussian 09, and the detonation performance by VLW. Results show that the three compounds have good thermal stability with thermal decomposition temperature of 318.3, 197.5 ℃, and 250.5 ℃, respectively. The density, detonation velocity and detonation pressure of compound Ⅳ are 2.0 g·cm-3, 9067 m·s-1 and 43 GPa, respectively. Compared with HMX, compound Ⅳ exhibits similar detonation velocity, higher density and detonation pressure.
CHEN Bin , WANG Qiong-lin , JI Yue-ping , WANG Ying-lei , WEI Lun , LIU Bo , LIU Wei-xiao
2014, 22(4):478-481. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.010
Abstract:A potassium 5, 5′-azotetrazolate(PZT) was synthesized through alkaline oxidation reaction using 5-aminotetrazole as a starting material. The structure of PZT was characterized by IR and elemental analysis and then the molecular formula C2N10K2·3H2O was confirmed. Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry results show that endothermic reaction occurs and PZT loses crystal water from 315 K to 350 K. The maximum exothermic peak appears at 539.3 K. As flame inhibitor used in gun propellant charges at following: initial velocity 912 m·s-1, pressure 279.4 MPa, PZT content 2%, the effects of PZT on muzzle flame and smoke were tested by high speed photography method and a smoke box method. Results show that the flame area decreases by 71.4% and the flame temperature reduces by 400 ℃ when PZT used instead of the common flame inhibitor K2SO4. The high-nitrogen flame inhibitor PZT has better effect in reducing muzzle flame and smoke than K2SO4.
WU Hao , LI Zhao-qian , PEI Chong-hua
2014, 22(4):482-486. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.011
Abstract:To reduce the hygroscopicity of ammonium perchlorate(AP), the surface of AP was coated by polystyrene (PS) and fluorosilane(FAS: C14F12H20SiO3). AP/PS/FAS composite particles and AP/PS/FAS composite film were prepared via composite of AP and PS and processing of FAS. Their hygroscopicities were studied by moisture absorption rate and water contact angel test, and their micromorphology structures were investigated by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) analysis. Results show that the moisture absorption rate of AP/PS/FAS film is the lowest, and it almost does not absorb moisture. The contact angel of untreated AP and AP/PS/FAS film with water are 0° and (113±2)°, respectively. The surface of AP/PS/FAS film is similar to the micromorphology structure of lotus leaf surface, and FAS molecules exsit in the surface of AP/PS/FAS film, it is advantageous to form hydrophobic surface.
LUO Guan , YIN Ming , ZHENG Bao-hui , TANG Yin , LIU Xu-wang , DAI Xiao-gan , HAN Yong , HUANG Hui , WU Kui-xian
2014, 22(4):487-492. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.012
Abstract:Based on the detonation velocities of a series of cast polymer bonded explosive(PBX) formulations, a linear relationship was obtained by fitting the data between detonation velocity and HMX content. Both the influence of HMX particle property and the composite deterrent content on the mechanical sensitivity were investigated. Using high quality HMX as major explosive, the safety of composite explosives was the best when adding 3% composite deterrent. Then a new HMX based cast PBX explosive GO-1 with high solid loading content was designed, and its friction sensivity, impact sensivity, shock-wave sensivity, detonation velocity and Gurney coefficient were 5%, 0, 17.7 mm, 8587 m·s-1 and 2.80, respectively, which showed perfect on safety, detonation velocity and ability for accelerating metal. And in the low vulnerability examination including bullet impact test, slow cook-off and fast cook-off test, all the reaction grade were combustion. So the new explosive has wide application foreground in fragment and EFP warhead.
WEI Xing-wen , LI Ming , LI Jing-ming , TU Xiao-zhen , ZHOU Mei-lin
2014, 22(4):493-497. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.013
Abstract:Finite Element Modeling(FEM)model of TATB based polymer bonded explosive(PBX) with microstructure similar to the true one were obtained by a representative volume element (RVE) method. Two-dimension RVE, considering the fraction and distribution of the fillers and pores was established. Effects of pore structure parameters (pore size, pore space distribution and porosity) on the effective elastic modulus of TATB based PBX were analyzed. Result shows that pores in binders lead the TATB based PBX to deform easily. With the increase of porosity, the effective elastic modulus decreases with exponential distribution. And at the same porosity, pore space distribution has great effect on the effective elastic modulus of TATB based PBX, which can drop by more than 50 percent when the pores distribute in the interface between binder and explosive crystals. The impact of pore size is small to the effective elastic modulus of TATB based PBX.
HU Song-qi , WU Guan-jie , LIU Huan , WANG Peng-fei
2014, 22(4):498-502. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.014
Abstract:The paraffin-based fuel is an ideal power for the solid-liquid hybrid-engine.The energy characteristics of paraffin-based fuel and HTPB fuel were calculated by minimum free energy method under more oxidizer, more fuel, and the optimal oxygen-fuel ratio working conditions.The regression rate of paraffin-based fuel and HTPB fuel were tested by rectangle solid-gas hybrid engine.The energy characteristics results show that:the fuel′s oxygen contents are increased by adding AP, but the optimal oxygen-fuel ratio and specific impulse are both reduced.The chamber temperature and density specific impulse are improved by adding Al, and the specific impulse of paraffin-based fuel and HTPB fuel are basically similar.The regression rate results show that:with the increasing oxidizer mass flow rate from 25 g·s-1 to 40 g·s-1, the regression rate of paraffin-based fuel is improved from 0.79 mm·s-1 to 1.11 mm·s-1, the regression rate of HTPB fuel is improved from 0.47 mm·s-1 to 0.68 mm·s-1; the regression rate of paraffin-based fuel is higher than that of the common HTPB fuel about 1.58-1.74 times.
ZHOU Yi-shan , CHEN Li-ping , CHEN Wang-hua , YANG Ting
2014, 22(4):503-508. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.015
Abstract:To obtain the thermal decomposition characteristics of mononitrotoluene(MNT) with nitric-sulfuric mixed acid, differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) and accelerating rate calorimeter(ARC) were employed to test the thermal decomposition behaviors of pure MNT and its mixture with 5% and 79% nitric-sulfuric mixed acid.DSC results show that the mixed acid catalyzes the decomposition of MNT mixture.The more concentration the mixed acid, the lower initial decomposition temperature of MNT mixture.ARC results demonstrate that the initial decomposition temperature decreases from 260.7 ℃(MNT) to 150.7 ℃(MNT with 79% mixed acid), and the temperature at which the time to maximum rate is 24 h(TD24) from 299 ℃ to 98 ℃.Meanwhile, both the heat of reaction and the adiabatic temperature rise of MNT mixture increase a bit.Thus, the mixed acid decreases the thermal stability of MNT mixture, and increases the thermal hazards.
ZHANG Fu-yang , XUE Yao-hui , LIAO Xin , WANG Ze-shan , WANG Bin-bin
2014, 22(4):509-513. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.016
Abstract:In order to regulate the combustion gas generation of propellant burning process, the triple base propellant with surface layer micro-porous structure was prepared in water by dissolution method.And its performance were studied and compared with original triple base propellant.The static combustion performance was investigated by closed-bomb test, and the mechanical properties were measured by an universal testing machine and impact testing machine, and the interior ballistic performance was studied by 155 mm gun.Results show that the burning pressure of the sponge-like micro-porous structure propellant rises faster compared with that of original propellant, and the burning times shortens by 3.2 ms at normal temperature.The initial dynamic vivacity is high, and the progressive combustion performance of the sponge-like micro-porous structure propellant is lower than those of the original.The burning rate increases in the ignition stage, but is the same as the original propellant in the later period.The compressive strength and anti-impact strength of surface micro-porous structure propellant decrease, most at 20 ℃ by 2.98 MPa and 0.35 kJ·m-2, respectively.The muzzle velocity of reduced charge increases by 13.9 m·s-1 and the muzzle velocity of full charge increases by 15.0 m·s-1, and the chamber pressure reduces also.
HUANG Na , TANG Hong-pei , HUANG Yin-sheng , HE Yi
2014, 22(4):514-520. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.017
Abstract:In order to improve energy utilization ratio of initiation system, three kinds of exploding foils Cu, Cu/Au and Cu/Al/Ni were prepared by the closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering iron plating technology and pico-second laser micromachining system.And their electro explosive performances were studied by designed test circuit.It is found when charging voltage are 2000 V or 2500 V, initiation voltage can match with Cu exploding foil in high energy utilization rate.And the electrical explosion performances in three kinds of exploding foils were also tested at 2000 V and 2500 V.which indicates that Cu/Al/Ni burst current is much higher than the Cu/Au and Cu with an increase of 36% compared with Cu at charging voltage of 2500 V, and 15% compared with Cu at 2000 V.The plasma plumes generated during the explosion in three kinds of exploding foils were observed by high-speed photography when the charging voltage is 2500 V.Results show that the size of the plasma plumes Cu/Al/Ni > Cu/Au > Cu.Finally, Cu/Al/Ni exploding foil is more conducive to low energy exploding foil initiator systems under the same initiating condition.
BAI Ying-wei , REN Wei , LIU Ju-peng , ZHONG Jian-wu
2014, 22(4):521-524. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.018
Abstract:The response effect and rule of an electro-explosive device(EED) in an electromagnetic wave environment are the basis of research on electromagnetic safety and environmental adaptability design.To get the response rules and some important parameters affecting the EED response, the relationship between the induced current and frequency in the electromagnetic environment of electro-explosive device was studied by using a continuous electromagnetic wave environment simulation system and an induced current testing device established in the laboratory. Results show that there is a resonance relation between the induced current and the electromagnetic wave frequency of EED.Taking EED vertical leg wire state as a sample, when the length of EED leg wire is 072 mm, corresponding induced current resonance frequency is about 200 MHz.The theoretical calculation and simulation study performed on the basis of these results prove that the artenna characteristics of EED leg wire are the key factors that affect the electromagnetic response.The maximum induced current is at the resonance frequency point corresponding to the length of EED leg wire.
ZHU Ming-shui , XING Zhong-ren , JIANG Ming , JIANG Xiao-hua
2014, 22(4):525-528. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.019
Abstract:A checking system with single optical fiber was established, which was mainly constituted of a light circulator and a optical film reflecting checking laser and transfering ignition laser between initiators and optical linker.Results show that the system can check the light path continuity of laser ignited initiators without changing the structure of laser ignited initiator.The reflected checking laser current is up to 200-300 μA when light path is perfectly continuous, which is only 30 μA when the light path is not continuous, and the laser energy transfer efficiency is approximatively quadratic function with the reflected checking laser current.
LIU Zhi-lin , WANG Xiao-ming , YAO Wen-jin , LI Wen-bin , CHEN Hao , LIU Xiao-Jun
2014, 22(4):529-534. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.020
Abstract:Aluminum split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) with diameter of 14.5 mm was used to perform the uniaxial compression tests on base bleed grain specimens with diameter of 10 mm at the strain rate of 103s-1.Results show that the base bleed grain has obvious strain rate effects.Zhu-Wang-Tang (Z-W-T) constitutive model was adopted to describe the mechanical behavior of base bleed grain and the coefficients in Z-W-T model were obtained via the least square method based on the experimental results.Using the LS-DYNA software secondary development feature, the fitted Z-W-T viscoelastic constitutive relationship was embedded into the LS-DYNA software to simulate the experiments numerically.Comparisons between experimental and caculated results show that the numerical model can simulate the high strain rate properties of the base bleed grain very well in small-strain elastic range less than 0.03.
ZHOU Xiao-yu , WANG Xi , WEI Xing-wen , HUANG Zhong , ZHOU Mei-ling
2014, 22(4):535-541. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.021
Abstract:A fractal model of thermal conductivity for polymer bonded explosive(PBX)particles was established based on the fractal theory and random distribution filling model, and the thermal conductivity of TATB based PBX with different mass fraction such as 20%, 40%, 95%, ect, was calculated and compared with those measured by the flash method, and those from semi Hamilton-Crosser model with shape factor of 3.Results show that the errors between the calculated and the measured were 20.2%, 32.8%, 15.0% with the mass fraction of 20%, 40% and 95%, respectively.The thermal conductivity of PBX increases with the increase of mass fraction of TATB.The calculation results based on fractal model is better than that obtained by the semi-Hamilton-Crosser model.
LI Zhi-qin , ZHAO Hong-an , ZHAO Feng-qi , LEI Yuan-yuan , GUAN Bo-tong , XU Si-yu , NIU Xiao-xia , LI Guan-lin , GAO Hong-xu , LI Shang-wen
2014, 22(4):542-547. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.022
Abstract:Semantic network knowledge representation method was used to set up a semantic network system for propellant formula knowledge and to study the structure of this system stored in the database.The knowledge of propellant formulation design with rich contents and complex relationship was expressed successfully as the knowledge content applying to expert system.A modified double-based propellant formula example designed by the expert system shows the effect of using the knowledge system in the propellant formula design expert system.
DING Yu-kui , WU Yi , LIU Guo-qing , WANG Hai-dan , MAN Hai-tao
2014, 22(4):548-553. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.023
Abstract:Separation and recovery is the previous process of reuse of discarded or obsolete explosives.According to the differences of the melting points of TNT, RDX and Al powder, TNT was separated by pressure differential filtration with water as the heating medium from the discarded or obsolete TNT/RDX/Al explosive.And the properties of explosive before and after separation were studied.Results show that the safety and efficiency of separation process are improved, and the recovery rate of TNT is 76.2%, and the purity of reclaimed TNT is 94.46%.The peak temperature on DSC curve for the melting process of reclaimed TNT is 81.0 ℃.The main impurities in reclaimed TNT are RDX in the eutectic system TNT-RDX.
JIA Ying , HE Ya-nan , LIANG Feng-hao , LIU Tian-tian
2014, 22(4):554-558. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.024
Abstract:The nano ZnO/Pd particles with the crystallite size about 41-46 nm were synthesized by hydrothermal method and ethanol-assisted hydrothermal method with Zn2+and Pd2+molar ratio of 100:0.5, 100:1, 100:2.The samples of ZnO/Pd were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-vis) and were used in the photocatalysis of unsymnetrical dimethylhydrazine(UDMH) wastewater under UV-light and sun light.Results show that the UV absorbtion property is extremely expanded by doping Pd, and ranged to 400-800 nm in visible light district.The maximum degradation rate of ZnO/Pd in sunlight is 80.5% and under UV-light is 76.8% in 2 h.The variation of the photocatalytic middle-product under different light sources was analyzed at last.It is found that the middle-product is decomposed more quickly and throughly under sunlight, with COD degradation rate of 75.7%, which is better than UV-light of 58.2%.
XUE Lin-jun , BI Yan-gang , REN Hao-yue , QIU Shao-jun , ZHAO Feng-qi , YANG Li , ZHANG Tong-lai
2014, 22(4):559-571. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.025
Abstract:The low-valent aluminum cluster complexes with abundant Al—Al bonds and Al—R bonds is reviewed in order to provide a new way to synthesize novel metal-rich materials with special properties.The average oxidation number of aluminum cluster is between zero and three.The preparation of the predecessor of aluminum cluster complexes AlX(X=F, Cl, Br, Ⅰ) were introduced, and the recent advances in the low-valent aluminum cluster complexes were reviewed, containing organometallic cluster complexes, metalloid aluminum cluster complexes and Alnm- aluminum cluster complexes with jellium model.The structure characteristics of the low-valent aluminum cluster complexes were analyzed including formation mechanism, coordination mode, performance characteristic, atom and so on.Finally, the suggestions on further study of the low-valent aluminum cluster complexes are presented.The novel metal-rich materials have vast potential for future development in many fields such as energetic materials, heat conducted materials and superconducting materials, which could be prepared by reacting between appropriate ligand and predecessor.
MA Cong-ming , WANG Yong-bin , LIU Zu-liang , YAO Qi-zheng
2014, 22(4):572-575. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.026
Abstract:Using 2-choro-4-aminopyridine as primary material, a new compound 7-amino-6-nitro-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3, 4-b]pyridine 1-oxide was synthesized by nitration, azide substitution and cyclization reaction with a total yield of 42%, and its structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis.Friction and impact sensitivities of the title compound obtained by GJB772A-1997 are 0 and the decomposition temperature is 215.93 ℃.Results show that 7-amino-6-nitro-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3, 4-b]pyridine 1-oxide is a low sensitivity energetic material.
ZHOU Cheng , WANG Bo-zhou , HUO Huan , ZHOU Qun , YANG Wei , YE Zhi-hu
2014, 22(4):576-578. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.04.027
Abstract:A novel energetic material, hydrazinium 3, 5-dinitroamino-1, 2, 4-triazole(HDNAT) was designed and synthesized for the first time via condensation, nitrification and hydrazinolysis reaction with a total yield of 63.69%.It's structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis.In addition, some main properties of physico-chemistry and detonation for HDNAT were obtained by test or calculation.Results show that its density is 1.89 g·cm-3, melting point 194-196 ℃, friction sensitivity 92%, impact sensitivity 100%, H50 26.8 cm, detonation velocity 9000 m·s-1(ρ=1.80 g·cm-3) and detonation pressure 36.0 GPa calculated with VLM method.
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Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials
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