LIU Lei-li , LI Feng-sheng , ZHI Chun-lei , SONG Hong-chang , LI Peng
2009, 17(5):501-504. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.001
Abstract:The thermal decomposition behaviors of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and AP/Al/HTPB composite solid propellant in the presence of magnesium based hydrogen storage materials(Mg 2NiH 4,Mg 2Cu-H and MgH 2)were studied by DSC. The results show that 5% magnesium based hydrogen storage materials has obvious catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of AP,and 1.3% magnesium based hydrogen storage materials obviously decreases the thermal decomposition temperature and increases heat release of AP/Al/HTPB composite propellant. The burning rates of AP/Al/HTPB composite solid propellant (8 MPa) are increased by 3.5%, 14.4% and 13.9% respectively with addition of 1.3% Mg 2NiH 4, Mg 2Cu-H and MgH 2. There is a clear relationship between hydrogen content of magnesium based hydrogen storage materials and its effect, and MgH 2 shows obvious effect among magnesium based hydrogen storage materials due to its large hydrogen content. By catalyzing the thermal decomposition of AP, magnesium based hydrogen storage materials shows good catalytic effect on thermal decomposition of AP/Al/HTPB composite solid propellant.
XU Hui-xiang , PANG Wei-qiang , LI Yong-hong , ZHANG Nan-nan , WANG Xiao-hong
2009, 17(5):505-509. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.002
Abstract:In order to reveal the reasons of forming pore in hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene/ammonium dinitramide/ammonium perchlorate/aluminium (HTPB/ADN/AP/Al) composite propellants, a series of propellant samples containing ADN and triethanolamine (TEA), triethanolamine trifluoroboron complex (T-313), tris(2-methylaziridinyl)phosphine oxide(MAPO), isophthaloyl-bis-(2-methylaziridine) (HX-752) were prepared, and the components of reacting with ADN and forming pore were confirmed,and the reaction mechanism was analyzed by DSC/TG-IR/MS. Results show that there are no pores in the propellant samples containing curing agents such as toluene diisocyanate(TDI), isophrone diisocyanate(IPDI) and ethanolamine bonding agents such as TEA,T-313 respectively, but the pores are formed in the samples containing aziridine bonding agents MAPO and HX-752. It is proved by DSC that there is a strong interaction between ADN and MAPO, which decreases the temperature of the main decomposition peak of ADN by about 99.7 ℃. When the mixture of ADN and MAPO (mass ratio 1:1) was heated continuously at 50 ℃ for 2 h, the gasous products N2O and NO2 are formed and detected by mass spectrum. It is considered that the aziridine bonding agents can accelerate the decomposition of ADN, which form pores in the propellants.
PANG Wei-qiang , FAN Xue-zhong , XU Hui-xiang , LI Yong-hong
2009, 17(5):510-513. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.003
Abstract:The amorphous boron powders were agglomerated to high-intensity spherical particles by means of mechanical mixing with hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene as raw materials and with acetic ether as solvent. The factors affecting the intensity of particles during the agglomerated process were analyzed. The optimal process conditions were obtained: the rotation speed is 90 r·min -1; the agglomerated process temperature is 30 ℃; the mass ratio of binder and amorphous boron powder is 10/90 and the mass content of solidification catalyst is 0.02%; the morphological structure of agglomerated boron particles prepared by the method is preferable and the intensity of particles is higher.
2009, 17(5):514-517. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.004
Abstract:GAP-PDMH was prepared by the chemical reaction between alkyne and azide in DMF,and the molar ratio was 6/7. The reaction temperature was 60 ℃ and reaction time was 48 h. The GAP-PDMH was identified by FT-IR and 1H NMR, and glass transition temperature of the GAP-PDMH was measured. Results show that PDMH is grafted into the branch of GAP chains by 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between alkyne and azide. Mechanical properties of composite GAP propellant with GAP-PDMH were tested. Compared with the blank sample, GAP-PDMH can improve the mechanical properties of the composite propellant at room temperature. The maximum tensile strength is increased by 210% (to be 0.65 MPa); the maximum elongation is increased by 226% (to be 22.24%); the fracture elongation is increased by 207% (to be 25.87%).
WANG Luo-xin , WU Zhong-bo , TUO Xin-lin , ZOU Han-tao , XU Jie , YI Chang-hai , XU Wei-lin
2009, 17(5):518-522. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.005
Abstract:The molecular structures and thermal decomposition of nitromethane confined inside a armchair (5,5) single-wall carbon nanotube were studied by using the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and ONIOM level of theory. Results show that nitromethane confined inside a CNT (5,5) has no Cs symmetry and the C—N bond becomes short slightly. Analysis of the potential energy curves along the C—N bond length shows that a transition state exists for the thermal decomposition of nitromethane/CNT(5,5), which is different from that of nitromethane monomer (no transition state for the C—N bond dissociation). For nitromethane/CNT(5,5), the energy barrier of the transition state is calculated to be about 198 kJ·mol-1,which is about 21 kJ·mol-1 lower than that of the C—N bond dissociation energy of nitromethane monomer. In addition, calculated results show that the (5,5) single-wall carbon nanotube has effect on the changing in the molecular structure and electronic charge of NO2 and CH3 groups during the thermal decomposition process of nitromethane.
ZHANG Xue-mei , DONG Hai-shan , ZHOU Zhi-ming , HE Xing
2009, 17(5):523-526. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.006
Abstract:A new synthetic route for preparation of 1,3-diamino-5-methylamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene with chlorobenzene as the starting material was reported. Via the sequence nitration-nucleophilic substitution-vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen reaction, the title product was obtained with yield of 60.3%. The structure of the title product and its intermediate products were identified by IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. DSC curve of the title product shows the peak temperature of thermal decomposition is 303 ℃, which indicates its molecule is stable to heat.
YANG Jian-ming , XUE Yun-na , LI Chun-ying , GE Zhong-xue , Lü Jian
2009, 17(5):527-530. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.007
Abstract:3,4-Bis(3′-nitrophenyl-1′-yl)furoxan was synthesized by two methods (oxidative dehydrogenation reaction and dimerization reaction of nitrile oxide). The target compound was characterized by IR, NMR, elemental analysis and DSC. The target compound was obtained with yield of 32.4% by the oxidative dehydrogenation reaction which involved nitration of benzil, hydroamine addition,and oxidative cyclization,and the target compound was obtained with yield of 21.0% by the dimerization reaction of nitrile oxide which involved hydroamine addition of benzonitrile, diazotization,intermolecular cyclization and nitration of 3,4-bisphenyl furoxan. DSC curve shows that the exothermic peak of the opening-ring for 3,4-bis(3′-nitrophenyl-1′-yl)furoxan is 280.7 ℃ with releasing heat of 1142 J·g-1.
SONG Lei , WANG Jian-long , LI Yong-xiang , WANG Xiao-jun , CAO Duan-lin
2009, 17(5):531-533. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.008
Abstract:Taking imidazole as primary substance,1-methyl-4,5-dinitroimidazole was synthesized in DMF by reaction of methyl suifate((CH3)2SO4) with 4,5-dinitroimidazole obtained from nitration. Its structure was characterized by IR, elemental analysis, MS and 1H NMR. The nitration mechanism of 4, 5-dinitroimidazole was analyzed. Results show that the yield of 1-methyl-4, 5-dinitroimidazole is 62%, and its melting point is 77 ℃. The optimum parameters are obtained: reaction temperature is 45-50 ℃, and reaction time is 4 h, the molar ratio of 4, 5-dinitroimidazole to (CH3)2SO4 is 1:6. The pH value of 4, 5-dinitroimidazole (0.63 mol·L-1 acetone solution) is raised from 3.74 to 6.77 of 1-methyl-4, 5-dinitroimidazole (0.63 mol·L-1 acetone solution).
CHENG Jian , YAO Qi-zheng , DONG Yan , LIU Zu-liang
2009, 17(5):534-536. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.009
Abstract:2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitropyridine-1-oxide(ANPyO) was synthesized from nitration of 2,6-diacetamidopyridine-1-oxide(DAPO) with N2O5/solvents and N,N,N -trimethyl- N -propanesulfonic acid ammonium hydrogen sulfate (TMPSHSO4) as the nitrating agent and catalyst. The effects of reaction solvent,temperature and time on the yield of ANPyO were studied. The optimal reaction conditions were obtained: reaction solvent is CH3NO2; reaction temperature is 60 ℃; reaction time is 5 h; the yield of product is 92.5%. The structure of ANPyO were characterized by 1H NMR, IR and MS.
BI Fu-qiang , WANG Bo-zhou , WANG Xi-jie , XIONG Cun-liang , JIA Si-yuan
2009, 17(5):537-540. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.010
Abstract:The synthesis of 1,4-dinitrofurazano[3,4-b]piperazine (DNFP) with an overall yield of 32.6%,was described. The cyclizative condensation between N,N′-di-tert-butyl ethylenediamine and dichloroglyoxime at low temperature generated 1,4-di-tert-butyl piperazine-2,3-dioxime(PDO-tB), which underwent a base-promoted dehydration at high temperature to obtain 1,4-di-tert-butylfurazano[3,4-b]piperazine (FP-tB). Furthermore, nitrolysis of FP-tB provided an efficient access to the novel explosive compound DNFP. The structures of DNFP and its intermediates were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Moreover, the effects of reaction conditions on the yield of PDO-tB were studied, and the optimum reaction condition is dropwise addition at -18 ℃. Converting FP-tB to DNFP with several nitrolysis reagents were also studied, and the nitrolysis with the mixed acid of 98% HNO3 and H2SO4 provides a good yield of 61.7%.
TIAN Hong-yuan , ZHANG Gao , WANG Min-chang , LI Xiao-yu , WANG Ming
2009, 17(5):541-543. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.011
Abstract:The complex behavior of HMX and DMF was studied by FTIR, 1H NMR and XRD methods. Results show that the complex HMX (DMF) is formed in which molecule ratio of HMX and DMF is 1:1 . Complex behavior occurs in the carbonyl of DMF and the —CH2 groups of HMX. The crystal of the complex is different from that of HMX and the complex is a new material phase.
HUANG Ping , SHI Wei-fan , ZHANG Cun-lin , QIAN Xin-ming , LIU Zhen-yi
2009, 17(5):544-548. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.012
Abstract:The absorption spectra of HNS, in the frequency range of 0.2-4.0 THz, were calculated by using quantum chemistry calculation method,and the theoretical calculation results show that the characteristic peaks of HNS are located in 1.9 THz and 3.3 THz. The experimental results offered by THz time-domain spectroscopy technology and FTIR show that the characteristic peaks of HNS are located in 1.7 THz and 3.1 THz. The experimental results agree with the theoretical calculation results, which show that HNS has distinct characteristic absorption peaks in the frequency range of 0.2-4.0 THz.
ZHANG Tong-lai , HU Xiao-chun , YANG Li , LI Kun-yuan , ZHANG Jian-guo , WANG Wen-jie , WANG Li-qiong
2009, 17(5):549-553. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.013
Abstract:In order to study the stability, compatibility, storage life and the decomposition mechanism of the energetic materials, a new test method named dynamic vacuum stability test (DVST) was established based on the principle of vacuum stability test method. The related instrument was set up with all internal-planted pressure sensor and temperature sensor in the test tube. The changes of the pressure and temperature of the tested samples can be detected real-time directly with the instrument. So the materials can be investigated continuously online. It provides a more accurate result of the stability for the tested materials after proper analysis of the acquired data from the instrument.
LIU Ke-zhong , XU Geng-guang , XIN Chun-liang , YANG Zhen-lei , QIN Jian
2009, 17(5):554-557. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.014
Abstract:Blast power of JHL-2 aluminized explosive and a single-event fuel air explosion (FAE) was compared. Two types of explosives were kilogram-level charged and pressure-time curves of shock wave at 3 m, 5 m and 7 m away from explosion center were obtained. Results show that when the charged volumes are the same,the peak pressures of JHL-2 are increased by 13.5%,39.0% and 18.5% higher than that of the single-event FAE at 3 m, 5 m and 7 m away from explosion center respectively,and the positive phases of JHL-2 are increased by 21.5%,22.7% and 16.5% higher than that of the single-event FAE,while the positive phase durations of JHL-2 are shorter than that of the single-event FAE. Results show that blast power of aluminized explosive can achieve and even overtake that of single-event FAE.
HE Song-wei , HAN Yong , LI Hai-bo , MA Hua
2009, 17(5):558-560. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.015
Abstract:Damage of dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) under shockwave pressure induced by explosive detonation was studied. The decomposition of DMMP sample impacted by shockwave was mensurated quantitatively by gas chromatography,and the sample component was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrograph. Results show that the DMMP impacted by high pressure decomposes partly,and the DMMP content is reduced from 93.81% to 84.77% with increasing of the pressure in the range of 12.24-22.41 GPa.
2009, 17(5):561-567. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.016
Abstract:The isotherms and elastic properties of β -HMX crystals were calculated through molecular simulations in NPT ensemble using COMPASS force field. The isotherms of β -HMX simulated were in reasonable agreement with experiments. The pressure-induced changes of the lattice parameters showed the anisotropic compression of β -HMX. The bulk modulus K0 and its pressure derivative K0′ were obtained by fitting the isotherms to different equations of state. However, the values of K0 and K0′ obtained from the isotherm are sensitive to the fitting forms of equations of state. The elastic constants and modulus were calculated by statistic analysis mode at different pressures in the range of 0~27 GPa. Cauchy pressure C12-C44 and G/K ratios were also calculated which indicated that β -HMX would become harder as the pressure increased, and as well the β -HMX elastic property transformed from brittleness to ductibility.
CHEN Lang , WANG Pei , FENG Chang-gen
2009, 17(5):568-573. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.017
Abstract:Burning or detonation reaction occurs after phase transition during cook-off for of low-melting point solid explosives. A thermal reaction model of explosive was established according to TNT cook-off test. Besides heat conduction, self-decomposing reaction, the phase transition and heat convection of liquid explosive were considered. The calculation was conducted to model the TNT cook-off by CFD software (Fluent). The ignition time (4150 s) and ignition temperature (226 ℃) are achieved. Comparing the calculated results with the measured, the calculation model and relevant parameters of TNT were validated. The phase transition and temperature distribution in explosive were respectively analyzed at 0.3 K·s-1, 0.05 K·s-1 and 3.3 K·h-1 heating rate. Results show that phase transition occurs from the surface to the exterior of explosive. The unmelted explosive sinks in melted explosive because of the pull of gravity. The heat energy is needed for melting explosive. So the explosive temperature rises slowly. After all explosives have been melted, the temperature rises rapidly due to the convection. There is a little difference in temperature of liquid TNT because of heat conduction and convection. The ignition temperature, ignition time and ignition position of explosive are affected by phase transition of explosive.
HAN Yong , LONG Xin-ping , HUANG Yi-min , JIANG Zhi-hai
2009, 17(5):574-577. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.018
Abstract:In order to study the effect of potential function (L-J,Exp-6) on calculation of the reduced second Viral coefficient B*(T*), the Simpson′s changing step length integral was introduced to approximately calculate the different B*(T*). The calculation results are in agreement with literature values, which prove the availability of the calculation method introduced. By the comparison of B*(T*) L-J calculated by L-J potential function and B*(T*) Exp-6 calculated by Exp-6 potential function,the changing relationship between difference value(Δ(T*)) and reduced temperature(T*) was obtained. The result reveals that in detonation environment,when T* is 25-40, there is obvious difference between B*(T*) L-J and B*(T*) Exp-6.
GAO Da-yuan , SHEN Chun-ying , HE Song-wei , ZHOU Jian-hua
2009, 17(5):578-582. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.019
Abstract:The mathematics expression of apparent activation energy of thermal decomposition reaction calculated from integral isoconversional non-linear (NL-INT) method was derived from the evaluation function when decomposition extent α was the same value from non-isothermal decomposition kinetic equation. The thermal decomposition apparent activation energy of HMX, HMX based PBX,TATB,PETN explosives and F2314, SD-33 bonders were calculated by NL-INT method based on the TG curves at heating rates of 5,10 and 20 K·min-1,respectively,and the results calculated by NL-INT method and Ozawa′s method were analyzed and discussed. Results show that the method can conquer errors caused by approximation of temperature integral and choice of mechanism function, and the apparent activation energy obtained were more nicety.
2009, 17(5):583-587. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.020
Abstract:Numerical simulation and related models for HMX based PBX explosive machining were performed and studied by using LS-DYNA. Tool forces with various cutting parameters were computed for HMX based PBX explosive,and the calculational results agree well with the experimental results. Results show that the plane strain model is reliable for simulation of explosive machining when cutting width is far greater than cutting layer thickness. Effective stress failure criterion is appropriate for simulating chip separation of explosive. The tool force increases with increasing of depth of cut and feed rate,and cutting speed has no obvious effect on tool force. Depth of cut affects tool force most greatly among the three parameters.
LIN Jia-jian , SHEN Zhao-wu , REN Hui-qi
2009, 17(5):588-593. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.021
Abstract:The explosively formed projectile(EFP) with fins for a cover charge structure by LS-DYNA software which four covers were conglutinated on the liner was studied by three-dimensional numerical simulation. The mechanism of forming EFP with fins was discussed based on the curves of velocity and pressure vs time of the liners. A contrastive analysis was carried out on the three kinds of liners which include big-cone shaped liner, imperfect-sphere shaped liner and arc-cone shaped liner. Results show that three kinds of liners can form obvious fins and the velocity of the big-cone shaped liner is the fastest. The experimental results agree with the simulational results basically.
LIU Jun-wei , ZHANG Jian-guo , ZHANG Tong-lai , ZHANG Dan-dan , YANG Li
2009, 17(5):594-598. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.022
Abstract:In order to understand the combustion and explosion mechanisms of energetic materials, the cracking pathways of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol(PA) and 2,4,6-trinitroresorcin(H2TNR) were studied by electric spray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS), and their cracking mechanisms were analyzed. Results show that cracking modes of the two compounds were loss of NO2,OH,O,NO,CO,CNO and CNO2, and those with a hydroxy group ortho to the nitro group exhibit predominant “ortho effect”, and the facile transfer of a hydroxy hydrogen to oxygen followed by loss of OH. When the number of nitro groups is definite, “ortho effect” becomes more important with increasing of the number of the ortho hydroxy groups,and the compounds are more easily to lose OH rather than lose NO2 firstly.
DU Ping , LIAO Xin , MIAO Xiao-chun , WANG Ze-shan
2009, 17(5):599-602. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.023
Abstract:Nano-CuO was prepared by the precipitation method using NH4HCO3 as the precipitator. The as-prepared nano-CuO were characterized by XRD, TEM, and SEM. The effect of nano-CuO on burning performance of double-base propellant was tested by constant-volume burning experiment. The results show that nano-CuO is composed of well-dispersed spherical particles with an average size of 10-15 nm; the burning performance of double-base propellant has obvious change after adding nano-CuO; pressure index of the propellant is reduced from 0.9329 to 0.8539; compared with general CuO reagent, nano-CuO can obviously reduce the pressure-index of the propellant.
QIAN Xin-ming , DENG Nan , WEI Si-fan , LI Zeng-yi
2009, 17(5):603-607. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.024
Abstract:Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added into pyrotechnics with potassium perchlorate and potassium nitrate by water-mixing method and acetone-mixing method. And accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) was used to study catalysis for pyrotechnics with potassium perchlorate and potassium nitrate adding CNTs. Results show that CNTs can catalyze pyrotechnics with potassium perchlorate and potassium nitrate, and the best adding method is water-mixing method. For the pyrotechnics with potassium perchlorate adding CNTs by water-mixing method, the maximal reaction rate is 8.21 min-1, which is 4.15 times of pyrotechnics adding no catalyst; and time to maximal rate is 52.09 min, which is 56.4% lower than that of pyrotechnics adding no catalyst. For the pyrotechnics with potassium nitrate adding CNTs by water-mixing method, the maximal reaction rate is 8.52 min-1, which is 1.51 times of pyrotechnics adding no catalyst; and time to maximal rate is 141.83 min, which is 11.0% lower than that of pyrotechnics adding no catalyst.
HONG Dong-pao , ZHAO Yu , WEN Yu-quan
2009, 17(5):608-611. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.025
Abstract:To improve the accuracy of storage reliability analysis for the explosive initiator, the sensitivity test was studied and the storage reliability analysis for explosive initiator was proposed using the sensitivity test data. In the method, the estimations of sensitivity distribution parameters were obtained from the up-down test data, and were processed to be order restriction with the isotonic regression. Then using the order restriction estimations, the model was established to relate the sensitivity distribution to storage time. Using the model, the confidence interval of storage reliability and storage life were obtained. The illustrative example shows that the method is available for storage reliability assessment or storage life prediction on the explosive initiator with high reliability.
ZHU Zheng-fu , LI Chang-fu , WU Kun , DONG Ming-shu
2009, 17(5):612-615. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.026
Abstract:The radar graph method was used to analyze the synthetic sensitivity of explosive. Based on eccentricity modification, a modified radar graph method was introduced,which was a new method to evaluate the synthetic sensitivity of explosive. The synthetic sensitivities of 21 kinds of explosives were evaluated by the modified radar graph method and compared with the data from BAZ-1 method. Analysis results show that the modified graph method has a higher resolution to evaluate the synthetic sensitivity of explosive.
WANG Guang-hai , LI Guo-xin , JIAO Qing-jie , LIU Gui-lin
2009, 17(5):616-618. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.027
Abstract:The electrical explosion temperature of Ni-Cr thin film bridge was studied by the spectrum radiation method. The radiation intensity was measured at wavelength of 514 nm,631 nm, 692 nm, 715 nm, 910 nm, 1068 nm via six-channel instantaneous optical pyrometer, respectively, when metal thin film bridge fired, and then the ignition temperature was calculated based on blackbody radiation theory. Results shows that when metal thin film bridge is exploded in the conditions of 50 V and 100 μF, the maximum temperature is around 5000 K, and the duration time which the temperature is maintained above 4000 K is 300 ns.
LIU Deng-cheng , YANG Zong-wei , LIU Yu-cun , YAN Li-wei , CHEN Ji
2009, 17(5):619-624. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.028
Abstract:Spherical diazodinitrophenol (DDNP) was prepared from the reaction of picric acid, sodium sulfide,hydrochloric acid and self-developed crystal shape controller F-1. The product with bulk density of 0.70-0.90 g·cm-3 has a good fluidity, and its average particle size is more than 350 μm. The pressure test of the product can be carried out under condition of more than 40 MPa. In the present manufacturing process, no fine crystals or explosion dusts are produced, and thus it is no need to wash away the fine crystals. The yield of the product prepared from the manufacturing technology is increased by 2%-3% higher than that from the traditional method, and the water need for each unit product is 30-35 kg/kg (DDNP) by circulation use of the mother liquid. Industrial production of spherical DDNP can be realized.
YANG Yi , WANG Qi-wei , WANG Lian-jun
2009, 17(5):625-629. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.029
Abstract:To improve the dispersion of nanoparticles and avoid the recycle process of nanomaterials for water treatment,nanocomposite materials were prepared and a new photocatalytic reactor was designed. SEM, XRD and specific surface area tester were employed to characterize the as-prepared nanometer TiO2/diatomite composites and nanometer TiO2/SiO2 composites. Results show that the as-prepared nanocomposite materials are in the nature of very fine nanometer particles in diameter and high specific surface area and pore volume. After 6 times reusing of the as-prepared nanocomposite materials, the degradation efficiencies of TNT wastewater are kept over 90 percent by loading it on the photocatalytic reactor,while the degradation efficiencies are decreased quickly from about 97 percent to about 50 percent by dispersing nanocomposite materials in wastewater. Furthermore, IR spectra results of treated-wastewater show that residual nanocomposite materials are dispersed in wastewater. However, the residual photocatalysts are not dispersed in the treated-wastewater by using the photocatalytic reactor,which mean that the recycle processes to nanometer photocatalysts are not required anymore for normal wastewater treatment.
LIN Hong-yan , LIN Yu-man , WEN Ye-ming , GAN Li , CHEN Zu-liang
2009, 17(5):630-634. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.05.030
Abstract:A strain isolated from a chemical plant discharge soil was used for the degradation of TNT with a high degrading efficiency. The strain was identified as uncultured soil bacterium clone UD3 (USBC) by PCR technique. Degradation of TNT in aqueous solution by the strain was studied. Results show that the optimum conditions are as follows: glucose concentration is 1 g·L-1; peptone concentration is 1 g·L-1; bacteria concentration is 0.02 g·L-1; pH value is 7; temperature is 30 ℃; reaction time is 24 h; 97.2% TNT is biodegraded by the strain when TNT concentration is 100 mg·L-1; the degradation of TNT by USBC can be described by first-order dynamic equation.
Abstract:
Abstract:
Abstract:
Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials
Vol. , No.,
Support:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd. ICP:蜀ICP备10207813号-5
Number of Visitors today: Total visitors: