HU Rong-zu , ZHAO Feng-qi , GAO Hong-xu , ZHANG Hai , SONG Quan-cai
Abstract:Eight typical differential and integral isoconversional non-linear equations for computing the apparent activation energy (Eα) from isothermal and non-isothermal data were derived. The numerical methods of computing the value of Eα of decomposition reaction of energetic materials via the equations were presented.
LI Ming , LAN Lin-gang , PANG Hai-yan , WEN Mao-ping , JING Shi-ming
Abstract:The principle of nano-indentation and the test methods to measure modulus of PBX are described. A 4×4 array of indention test with 10 μm separation was performed on the surface of a cylinder PBX sample with chief constituent of HMX crystals. The results show that that values of modulus decrease with the increasing of indent depth but,when the depth reach deeper than 750 nm,the measured values keep stable and the average value of 6.0 GPa is close to that of traditional method.
SHI Zhen-hao , LIU Zi-ru , CHEN Zhi-qun , ZHAO Feng-qi
Abstract:The thermal decomposition of HTPB/AP composite propellants and the influence of pressure and Al powder on the thermal decomposition were investigated by PDSC, TG-DTG and simultaneous DSC-FTIR. The results show that the thermal decomposition of AP component in HTPB/AP is delayed due to the coating deactivation of HTPB on AP. The thermal decomposition of HTPB component is accelerated with AP. The thermal decomposition of HTPB/AP system can be accelerated by both the pressure and Al, and the burning rate is increased as well. The pressure causes a phenomenon of multiple peaks which appear on DSC curves of the thermal decomposition for HTPB component, but Al can restrain the phenomenon. Furthermore, the “after-solidify” process of HTPB result from AP component and the pressure strengthens this process.
ZHOU Run-qiang , CAO Duan-lin , WANG Jian-long , LI Yong-xiang
Abstract:Two kinds of mixture explosive containing 10%-20% RDX and 40% RDX respectively were prepared by cocrystallization of RDX and urea nitrate obtained with the reaction of the urea and waste nitric acid in RDX plants.The properties of two explosive were measured. Results show that the explosion properties of explosive containing 10%-20% RDX excel those of nitrolite,emulsive and mealiness explosive, and the explosion properties of explosive containing 40% RDX are same as those of TNT. The cocrystallization technology of the explosive is simple and green.
LI Quan-liang , WANG Jian-long , CHEN Jun
Abstract:The effects of the first feeding and preservation time on the yield and purity of HMX were studied in the process of synthesis HMX by the way of acetic anhydride. The factors affecting the yield and purity of HMX were discussed. The results show that when the feeding and reserved time are 30 min,the yield and purity of crude HMX and the yield of pure HMX is 67.8%,75.1% and 53.2%,respectively.
CUI Qing-zhong , JIAO Qing-jie , REN Hui , YANG Rong-jie
Abstract:The black powder were coated with GZ-1 type silicon resin. Structure and morphology of the coated black powder were characterized by SEM. Combustion behaviors were studied by measuring sensitivities and output properties. The results show that coating agent is firmly coated on the surface of black powder, and moisture absorption of the coated black powder is reduced by about 58%, and impact sensitivity,friction sensitivity and electrostatic sensitivity are reduced by about 60%,57% and 56%,respectively. However,flame sensitivity and output properties of the powder with and without coating are almost same.
YUE Cai-bo , WEI Yun-yang , Lü Min-jie
Abstract:Various aromatic compounds,including alkyl and halo benzenes,were nitrated to mononitro compounds in reasonable yields (40%-80%) with NH4NO3 from 0 ℃ to room temperature in Brnsted acidic ionic liquids with [Hmim][CF3COO] and [Hmim][HSO4] as solvent and catalyst respectively. The isomer ratios for nitration of toluene in Brnsted acidic ionic liquids were comparable to that obtained in mixed acid nitration. Isomer ratios for the nitration of halo benzenes in Brnsted acidic ionic liquids are different from that obtained in mixed acid nitration,usually,with higher para selectivity. The para-/ortho- product isomer ratio is 6.2 for the nitration of chlorobenzene at 18 ℃ for 8 h with n(TFAA)/n(NH4NO3)=5. The para-/ortho- product isomer ratio is 14.0 for the nitration of bromobenzene at 0 ℃ for 8 h with n(TFAA)/n(NH4NO3)=5. The para-product, p-nitrobromobenzene, from the nitration of bromobenzene in [Hmim][HSO4] under 0 ℃ precipitates with 98% purity, which facilitates the separation of the pure isomert.
FNAG Dong , SHI Qun-rong , GONG Kai , LIU Zu-liang , Lü Chun-xu
Abstract:Novel BrØnsted ionic liquid 1-metyl-3-propanesulfonic acid immidazolium hydrogen sulfate[MIMPS][HSO4] was prepared as catalyst for the green chemical processes of nitration reaction. Nitration reaction was carried out for 10 h at 60 ℃ with the catalyst to reactant molar ratio of 1∶50, and the yield of mononitration reaction was 70.4%, and selectivity of mononitration reaction was 100% with a para to ortho ratio of 0.7. Biphasic system of product and catalyst was obtained and the product could be separated simply by decantation. In addition, ionic liquid could be recovered and reused showing the possibility of a clean chemical process.
Abstract:The effects of the content of Hexogen(RDX)and Nitroguanidine (NGu) on the combustion behavior of nitramine propellants under low pressure were studied in the closed bomb. The combustion data of six kind of nitramine propellants with different ratio of RDX /NGu were obtained from 20 MPa to 60 MPa by the closed bomb test. The results indicate that there is a change of burning rate pressure exponential of nitramine propellants,and the content of NGu can adjust the combustion rules of nitramine propellants under low pressure.
MA Zhong-liang , LI Zhi-liang , XU Fang-liang , ZHANG Li-ping , XIAO Zhong-liang
Abstract:The relation of grain size with progressive combustion of the propellant was studied by closed bomb test. The characteristics of p-t and L-B curves for different prescription and grain size of the variable burning rate propellant were analyzed, and the influence law of grain size on burning properties were obtained. Results show that, for certain prescription and thickness for the inside and outside layers of the variable burning rate propellant, the ratio of length to diameter (1.5/1-2.0/1) affects the progressive combustion more obviously. The ratio of length is higher, the progressive combustion is better.
YANG Zhen-ying , YANG Shu-bin , WANG Xin-cai , YIN Zhi-nan
Abstract:Parameters of silicon semiconductor chip and bridge section were designed and optimized. The initiation of HNS-Ⅳexplosive with SCB lapper was carried out and the factors influencing firing energy were studied. Results show that when thickness of SCB slapper with good compactness of polycrystalline silicon is 4 μm, the 50% firing energy is low, and initiation compactness is good.
FENG Hong-yan , LI Yan , ZHANG Lin , WU Rong , WANG Jun-de , ZHU Shun-guan
Abstract:A system consisting of two interference filters of different wavelength and two photo-multiplier detectors was used to measure the time evolution of the SCB plasma temperature based on the double line of atomic emission spectroscopy. The highest temporal resolution of the apparatus was 0.1 μs. The results show that when the voltage is 24-32 V and all capacitances are 68 μF, the highest temperature and duration of the SCB plasma increases from 2710 K to 3880 K and from 170.7 μs to 283.4 μs, respectively.
Abstract:The changes of enlinvar bridgewire resistance and gold bridgewire resistance at different time in accelerated life time test were studied. The conditions of the life test were kept at 50±2 ℃ with relative humidity of 95%±3%. By t-significance level test, means of bridgewire resistance at different life time were analysed. The results show that gold bridgewire resistances have significant changed on 9th day,14th day and 21st day in the life test. However,elinvar bridgewire resistances have no significant changes at different life time.
HU Yan-chen , WANG Pei-lan , ZHENG Heng , LI Hao
Abstract:Bayesian networks(BN) and fault tree analysis(FTA) were compared for safety fault analysis. According to the initiator system, a new method that used FTA & BN to perform fault analysis was proposed. The reasons causing safety fault to the igniter with the method were analysized as the non-uniform density of delay powder, the sticking of protechnic charge to the internal wall of delay tube and the failure of alarm device, etc. The corresponding solution was established at end.
XU Jun-feng , PENG Jia-bin , WANG Xiu-zhi , ZHANG Zhou-mei , ZHANG Ye
Abstract:To study the effects of the binding agents on the burning rate of the tungsten delay composition, two delay compositions in bound form were made with nitrocellulose and Teflon separately. An experiment on the two delay compositions was carried out and their delay time at room temperature and high temperatures(120, 160, 180 ℃) were obtained. The results show that the burning rate of the composition with nitrocellulose as binding agent is much faster than that of the composition with Teflon as binding agent. When the temperature rises, the burning rate of the composition with nitrocellulose as binding agent increase rapidly while the burning rate of the composition with Teflon as binding agent does slowly.
WANG Hong-xia , LIU Dai-zhi , ZHAI Wei-gang
Abstract:To explore the applications of carbon nano-materials in electromagnetic wave passive jamming field,the 8-12 GHz microwave attenuation performances of carbon nano-powder,carbon nanotubes,and carbon nanofibers were studied based on the static measuring method. The results indicate that the microwave attenuation performance of carbon nanofibers is better than that of carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-powder. The average microwave attenuation value per quality of carbon nanofibers with 60 nm diameter is between -2.84 dB and -4.27 dB, which is over 10 times of carbon nano-powder′s. It is concluded that the attenuation performance of carbon nanofibers with diameter of 60 nm is the best of these carbon nano-materials with different structures and sizes.
REN Hui , JIAO Qing-jie , KANG Fei-yu , CUI Qing-zhong
Abstract:From the viewpoint of interaction between medium and incidence electromagnetic wave, the extinction section of fiber coated nickel was estimated by method of electromagnetic field numerical simulation. It was researched that extinction changed with material properties, including aspect ratio of fiber, conductivity, refractive index, and dielectric constant. The results showed parameter regions corresponded to mutation of extinction section. Aspect ratio of fiber influenced the extinction section, especially at middle-near infrared frequency. While aspect ratio was 20-200, image of refractive index was smaller than 20 and real of conductivity of ceramic fiber was 106-108 s·m-1, extinction section would be increased rapidly. According to calculated results, nickel coated ceramic fiber was prepared with method of chemistry plating. The extinction coefficients were contrasted between metal coated fibers and uncoated fiber measured by potassium bromide press and smoke box. The data showed that mass extinction coefficient of nickel coated carborundum was enhanced obviously, in far infrared range.
ZHENG Fu-xing , WANG Xuan-yu , SONG Li , WANG Xiao-yang
Abstract:Six kinds of RP smokes mixed with difference oxidants including Fe3O4,Fe2O3,MnO2,CsNO3,SrNO3 and combustible Mg were prepared seperatly, Their smoke shaping times, sedimentation rates and extinction coefficients to 10.6 μm laser were tested in a smoke chamber. Results show that the smoking time RP smoke with CsNO3 and SrNO3 are 20 s and 15 s, and the sedimentation rate are 0.0021 m·s-1 and 0.0019 m·s-1, and the extinction coefficient to 10.6 μm laser increase 41.9% and 38.7% respectively. SrNO3 is better as oxidant for RP than CsNO3.
CHEN Ning , PAN Gong-pei , CHEN Hou-he , HOU Wei
Abstract:Based on the pyrotechnic and powder smoke cloud, the effect of vacuum pressure on the expanding velocity during the smoke cloud forming was studied experimentally with the method of the expansive velocity obtained by testing the increases of the cloud edge size. Results show that the expanding velocity increases with the increases of vacuum from 0.10 MPa to 0.04 MPa, and the velocity increases about 0.03 times when the pressure decreases 0.02 MPa.
BA Shu-hong , JIAO Qing-jie , REN Hui , ZHANG Qing-li
Abstract:Over-loading of strong flash pyrotechnic composite was studied by using drop hammer simulation device. The experimental results show that strong flash pyrotechnic composite has high over-loading ability. When charges density was 1.9×103 kg·m-3,loading stress was 653 MPa,loading length was 40 mm, loading of strong flash pyrotechnic composite was 8.59×105 g (g=10 m·s-2). When loading stress was more than 653 MPa, the hotspots produced by strong over-loading couldn′t ignite strong flash pyrotechnic composite. The reasons that strong flash pyrotechnic composite has high overloading ability are (1) thermal decomposition temperature of oxidant and ignition temperature of combustible are very high in pyrotechnic composite,the pyrotechnic reaction cannot be induced by hotspots; (2) charge flaws of pressed flash pyrotechnic composite are better improved and hotspot generation source is reduced. (3) the contact areas between KClO4 and Al are increased when strong flash pyrotechnic composite is extruded into pillar, so heat produced by hotspot generation source can rapidly be transmitted through metal particle, furthermore, hotspot is extinguished.
WEN Shang-gang , GONG Yan-qing , DONG Shu-nan , WANG Shi-ying , TANG Shi-you
Abstract:A wide range piezoelectric pressure gauge was used to measure the pressure at different position in some DDT experiments on three kinds of energetic materials (JO-9159, composition B, and one propellant). The peak value of pressure for JO-9159 (ρ=1.840 g·cm-3) is 2.311 GPa (d=40 mm) and 10 GPa (d=430 mm). The peak value of pressure for composition B (ρ=1.597 g·cm-3) is 1.23 GPa (d=40 mm) and 22.3 GPa (d=430 mm),and that for composition B (ρ=1.681 g·cm-3) is 2.311 GPa (d=40 mm) and 2.332 GPa (d=430 mm). The propellant (ρ=1.057 g·cm-3) is 1.0 GPa (d=40 mm) and 22 GPa (d=430 mm). Results show that the pressure gauge can be used in some DDT experiments of solid explosive or propellant. The technology is useful to explore the pressure change during the DDT process,especially to measure the pressure change during the process of burning. The maximum pressure measured by the piezoelectric pressure gauge is up to 10 GPa.
JIANG Zhi-hai , LONG Xin-ping , HE Bi , HAN Yong , JIANG Xiao-hua , LU Bin
Abstract:The scheme of planar measurment method of electrical conductivity in the shock initiation process for condensed explosives was established. The electrical conductivities of TNT under different initial shock loading and RHT-906 explosive were studied with the method. The effect of initiation pressure on the electrical conductivity was analyzed. The results show that the highest electrical conductivity decreases with the decreasing of initiation pressure and it decreases when RDX is added in TNT. The chemical reaction time of TNT explosive detonating of experiment No.1~4 was 0.11 μs, 0.12 μs, 0.16 μs and 0.15 μs, respectively.
Abstract:The thermal safeties of three kinds of firework (70/20/10-KClO3/Al/S, 70/20/10 KNO3/Al/S, and 67/20/13 KClO4/Al/S mixture) were studied by accelerating rate calorimeter(ARC). The curves of thermal decomposition temperature and pressure versus time, and the reaction rate versus temperature were obtained, moreover, the thermal decomposition processes were discussed. The apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor of this reaction were also calculated. The results show that the thermal safety of potassium chlorate mixture is the lowest among the three kinds of firework.
Abstract:The thermal decomposition process of class 2 coal mine permissible emulsion explosive was studied by DSC. The kinetic parameters (the apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor) of the process were calculated by the Kissinger method,Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method and integral isoconversional non-linear method. The results obtained by Satava-Sestak method indicate that the most probable mechanism function of the process is the Ginstling-Broushtein equation and the reaction mechanism is classified as 3D-diffusion reaction in column symmetry. The comparison of thermal decomposition characteristic temperature with the emulsion temperature and sensitizing temperature in actual production as well as its application temperature shows that the class 2 coal mine permissible emulsion explosive has good thermal safety.
Abstract:The efficiency and the affecting factors of ozone oxidization for explosive wastewater containing RDX were studied by related experiments with letting continuously O3 into the water. The concentration of RDX and COD value of the wastewater were monitored during the process of oxidization. The results show that 3.0 mg·L-1 O3 makes 10 mg·L-1 RDX remove 58.01% through oxidation of 2 h, and when pH value equals to 12,O3 removes 83.15% RDX through oxidation of 4 h. At the same time, increasing pH value and temperature, decreasing RDX concentration are useful to increase the RDX removal efficiency by ozone oxidization. Therefore,ozone oxidization processes are suitable for treating the RDX wastewater with high pH value and low concentration of RDX.
WU Yao-guo , ZHAO Chen-hui , WANG Qiu-hua , FENG Wen-lu
Abstract:The metals ions of wastewater including Cu(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅱ),Fe(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅲ) and Al(Ⅲ) were selected as representatives, and the experiments were carried out to assess the effects of metal ions on TNT-removal by O3/H2O2 in the wastewater. The experimental results showed that effects of metal ion on the TNT degradation with O3/H2O2 depend on the metal types and their concentrations in the wastewater. Cu2+ suppresses the degradation. Mn2+with a low concentration enhances the degradation, but suppresses the degradation with high concentration. The effects of Fe2+ and Fe3+ are opposite to that of Mn2+, and they enhance the degradation with low concentration and inhibit it with high concentration. Al3+ has a small potential to improve the degradation. Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅲ) inhibit the TNT-degradation by O3/H2O2 by blocking forming of hydroxyl radicals, and Mn(Ⅱ) does that by shorting the hydroxyl radical age.
ZHU Ming-shui , HE Bi , JIANG Xiao-hua , LONG Xin-ping , WU Xiong
Abstract:Based on the FORTRAN VLW code, a new visualized software was developed for calculating the detonation performance of explosives. The software was composed of a FORTRAN VLW core and a friendly user interface,which was built with VISUAL BASIC 6.0. The detonation parameters can be obtained by choosing some information about the calculated explosives,and browse and save these results given out in two types(graphic and document) conveniently.
AN Chong-wei , SONG Xiao-lan , WANG Yi , GUO Xiao-de , LI Feng-sheng
Abstract:The surface coating researches on nitroamine explosives (such as RDX,HMX and CL-20) are reviewed. Various kinds of surface coating materials,methods and mechanics are summarized. The influence of surface coating on explosive dispersity,mechanical sensitivity are clearly explained. It is pointed out that the mechanical performance,combustion properties of propellant are improved by means of suitable surface coating. The issues and priorities in the future research are also proposed.
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Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials
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