Abstract:Combined with damage characteristics of soft targets,a kind of composite explosive （be composed of AN,Al powder,liquid function additive and sensitizer） with good damage performance was studied. Based on the theoretical calculation and experiments,the design of composite explosive prescription was carried out. The results show that the explosion process can be divided into several stages with the properties of volume explosion and dispersion explosion,and absorbed oxygen in air to attend exothermic reaction,so the duration of explosion reaction increases prominently than that of general explosive,and explosion power can reach 2.0 times of TNT equivalence.

Abstract:Two furazan macrocyclic compounds 3,4：7,8：11,12：15, 16-tetrafurazan-1,5,9,13-tetrazocyclohexadecane (TATF) and 3,4：7,8：11,12：15,16-tetrafurazan-1,9-dioxazo-5,13-diazocyclohexadecane (DOATF) were synthesized by using 3,4-diaminofurazan(DAF). The structures were characterized by FTIR,NMR,MS and elemental analysis. The standard enthalpy (ΔH⁰_f) of formation of TATF and DOATF were calculated to be 4526.0 kJ·kg^－1 and 4144.2 kJ·kg^－1 respectively. These two compounds all have excellent detonation performance with detonation velocity to be 8150 m·s^－1 and 8180 m·s^－1,detonation pressure to be 29.5 GPa and 29.2 GPa. Using TATF or DOATF as energetic component to substitute 20% of HMX in certain NEPE propellant,the energy pulse of two furazan-base propellants was calculated to be 252.5 s and 276.2 s respectively.

Abstract:The optimum formulation with fine HMX 45.5%,coarse HMX 45.5%,TATB 5%,Viton A 2.0%,and PNP 2.0% respectively was confirmed by the orthogonal experiment and blend binder and main explosive particle grading technology. Moulding powder of the new booster explosive was prepared by solution-water suspension,and the properties of this formulation were tested. The results show that its main properties（small clapboard amount,impact sensitivity,vacuum stability,self ignition temperature,volume expansibility,velocity of detonation）were better than that of PBXN-5.

Abstract:Friction sensitivity of high explosive was analyzed according to thermal explosion theory by theoretical analysis and numerical modeling. Melting of high explosive by friction between high explosive and metal was considered in the model. The change of friction force acting on high explosive due to melting was taken into account. Temperature increase on friction surface and ignition time of high explosive were determined by calculation. The pressure acting on HMX was 400 MPa and relative velocity was 3.8 m·s^－１ between high explosive and steel,the same as the friction sensitivity test for high explosives. As the temperature on friction surface reached 750 K,ignition of high explosive occured. Ignition time was 0.43 ms and slide distance between steel and high explosive was 1.6 mm. The slide distance is in agreement with experimental one quite well.

Abstract:The xerogel and aerogel RDX/SiO₂ nanocomposite energetic materials were prepared using sol-gel method. TEM and XRD were used to analyze the surface topography and the crystal structure. The thermal decomposition and the impact sensitivity for RDX/SiO₂ nanocomposites were also tested. The results show that compared with pure RDX,the DSC decomposition peak temperature of the aerogel RDX/SiO₂ containing 45% RDX decreases by 15.4 ℃. The xerogel framework can effectively desensitize RDX,and the impact sensitivity descreases greatly with the increase of the SiO₂ framework content.

Abstract:MCNP program was used to simulate the radiation in the nuclear warhead model and calculate the effect of neutron and γ rays on the explosive decomposition. High energy secondary electrons activated by the rays made the molecular bond of the explosive broken and decomposed. To calculate concisely,four hypothese were given (1) the result from the action of rays causes the break of the explosive molecular bond; (2) the rays make the explosive decomposed in first order mainly; (3) the speed of explosive decomposition is uniform; (4) the total energy of which the rays left in the explosive makes the explosive decomposed. Through the four hypotheses and the amplifier of radiation intensity,a larger decomposition velocity was obtained. The results show that the decomposition velocity is not more than 10^－9 mol·a^－１,and the explosive decomposition caused by the radiation of nuclear warhead can be neglected,but the radiation affection can make the warhead warm and then affect the explosive decomposition.

Abstract:The detonation wave theory was applied to analyze the interacting process of detonation waves after the shaped charge was initiated with three initiation points. And the forming process and mechanism of the hyper pressure on the symmetrical plane were obtained. The energy sources forming the EFP tails were found. The software of LS-DYNA was simulated the impacting process of detonation waves, the formation of hyper-pressure,and the deforming process of the liner. Results of simulations show the liner overturns and deforms under the action of the nonuniform loads of explosive and three pressure marks on the surface of liner are forged by hyper pressure. The displacement-time curves indicate the formation of the EFP tails is attributed to the different displacements of elements of the liner under the action of the nonuniform loads. The initiation radius has great effect on the slenderness ratio, speed, kinetic energy and shape of tails of the EFP. The appropriate initiation radius was primarily fixed on 20 mm to 30 mm. The experimental result shows a good agreement with results of theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.

Abstract:Thermal analysis curves of black powder and its raw materials were measured with heating rates of 5,10,20 and 40 ℃·min^－1 by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). Thermal decomposition of black powder was discussed based on experimental data. The functions of sulphur,charcoal and KNO₃ were demonstrated when black powder was heated. Moreover,according to Kissinger equation,activation energy and pre-exponential factor of black powder were calculated to be 98.5 kJ·mol^－1,173.4 kJ·mol^－1 and 5.6 s^－1,11.1 s^－1,respectively.

Abstract:The ablation problem in laser ignition of energetic material was studied by means of scanning electron microscope（SEM）,photoelectric method and differential thermal analysis（DTA）. The effect of phenolic resin on laser ablation was investigated. The results show that after adding phenolic resin,the initiation temperature of the reaction change from 556 ℃ to 548 ℃,and reaction heat changes from 1.86 kJ·g^－1 to 2.21 kJ·g^－1. In comparison with B/KNO₃,B/KNO₃ with phenolic resin is more sensitivity,and has smaller ablation and shorter delay time as well. After adding phenolic resin,the 50% fired energy was less than that without phenplic resin,changing from 17.95 mJ to 9.11 mJ. The reduce degree of the delay time was inverse proportional to the laser energy density. When the laser energy density was 5 J·cm^－2,the delay time changed from 17.5 ms to 7.2 ms. When the laser energy density was 23 J·cm^－2,the difference between the delay times was little.

Abstract:The poisonous gas in combustion gases for gun propellant by manometric bomb test was analyzed by infrared spectrum technique. The results show that manometric bomb test and infrared spectrum technique can be used to judge poisonous grade of combustion gases of various gun propellants. Evaluation method was put forward for propellant preparations. Combustion gases can be reduced when KNO₃,CuO and polyester are added in gun propellant formulation.

Abstract:In order to improve the adhesion strength of room temperature vulanized silicone rubber （RTV） adhesive bonding JOB-9003 explosive，silica white 2^# or 4^# were used to reinforce modified silicone rubber by methyl acrylic acid or ester in situ. The structure of reinforced RTV adhesive and dispersibility of silica white in adhesive were characterized by IR and SEM. Effects of different viscosities of silicone rubber,contents of silica white on shear strength of RTV adhesive were investigated. The results show that the adhesion strength of RTV adhesive is improved greatly，when the viscosity of silicone rubber is 4 Pa·s,the shear strength of 2^# and 4^# silica white reinforced RTV adhesive bonding JOB-9003 explosive increases from 3.2 MPa to 3.52 MPa as contents of silica white change from 1.0% to 2.5%,and the reinforcement effect of 4^# silica white is better than that of 2^# silica white in evidence.

Abstract:To improve the performance of the propellant，energy properties,mechanical properties and combustion properties of HTPB propellants were studied. The results show that the theoretical specific impulse is enhanced with the increasing of solid contents,and reaches 270.62 s when the solid contents are 90% (including AP 37%,RDX 36.6%,Al 17.4%). The pressure exponent of 90% solid contents HTPB propellant (including AP 43%,RDX 30%,Al 17%) is about 0.34 and ε_m reaches 50% at -40 ℃. By modifying the different contents and particle size distributions of AP or RDX,the burning rate of 88% solid contents HTPB propellant (including AP 48%,RDX 23%,Al 17%) is enhanced from 7.0 mm·s^－1 to 10.9 mm·s^－1,and the pressure exponent is about 0.4, and ε_m reaches 74% at 20 ℃.

Abstract:The thermal analysis characteristics and their relationship with burning rate at various pressures for five RDX-CMDB propellants were investigated by high pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry （DSC）. The results show that PDSC characteristics of the propellants are affected obviously by pressure and catalyst,and the first and second decomposition peak temperatures all drop with pressure increase for five propellants,the ratio of decomposition heat ΔH_d to ΔT which is the difference of onset and end decomposition temperature all increases as pressure increase,and it can better presents the influence of pressure on thermal decompositions of RDX-CMDB propellants. A relationship of ΔH_d/ΔT with burning rate at various pressures appears in these propellants.

Abstract:The experiment of photolyzing prilled ADN with sunlight on solid phase were carried out to investigate the effect of photolysis on the purity，sensitivity and the apparent storage life of ammonium dinitramide. The process of photolyzing ADN was measured by IR analysis，the purity and apparent storage life of photolyzed ADN were tested by the liquid chromatogram. The result indicates that the product of photolysis is ammonium nitrate，and the apparent storage life of ADN photolyzed with sunlight are 756.2 days. The appearance of photolyzed ADN is analyzed by SEM. The friction and impact sensitivities of ADN all reduce，which were tested according to military standard of China. So the purity of ADN reduces after photolyzing，but the decomposition of ADN is restrained because ADN grain is coated by the crystal of sphericized AN formed from the photolyzing.

Abstract:Using butanediol as initiator, boron-trifluoride etherate as catalyst， 3-azidomethyl-3-methyloxetane homopolymer (PAMMO) was synthesized by the cationic polymerization of 3-azidomethyl-3-methyloxetane(AMMO) which was carried out in dichlorometane. The effect of catalyst concentration on polymerization was studied by experiment.The structure and properties of PAMMO were also characterized by DSC, TGA and IR measurements. The results show that the polymerization can be controlled by decreasing catalyst′s concentration .The glass transition temperature（T_g） of PAMMO was 40.3 ℃. PAMMO can be used as the liquid energetic binder of cast propellant and the soft segment of energetic thermoplastic elastomer.

Abstract:p-Mononitrochlorobenzene is an important raw materials for synthesizing high energy materials. Its industrial production involving the concentrated mineral acids as the catalysts is one of the most environmentally harmful processes. Huge amounts of wastes along with a large amount of undesired o-mononitrochlorobenzene due to the nonselective nitration of chlorobenzene. Nitration of chlorobenzene by N₂O₅ was investigated with solid acid catalyst HZSM-5. For the excellent selectivity of HZSM-5,the ratio of p-mononitrochlorobenzene increased from 42% to 81%. Effects of reaction temperature,reaction time,amount of catalyst and the ratio of Si/Al on the nitration were investigated. When T=50 ℃,t=1 h and 5 g catalyst(Si/Al=260),the reaction condition is optimum,the yield of nitration of chlorobenzene was 50% and para-selectivity was 85.5%.

Abstract:According to the synthesis process of Cu(TO)₂Cl₂ (TO = 1, 2, 4-triazole-5-one), a crystal growth kinetics model in mixed solvents was proposed. The thermodynamics parameters were obtained utilizing this kinetic model, as follows: E_a=45.37 kJ·mol^－1, ln［A/s^－1］=14.65, Δ^≠Ｇ_m= 82.11 kJ·mol^－1, Δ≠Ｈm= 42.85 kJ·mol－1, Δ^≠Ｓ_m=-131.58 J·mol^－1·K^－1. Furthermore, the specific heat capacity of Cu(TO)₂Cl₂ at 298.15 K, and the standard enthalpies of formation of ［Cu(TO)₂］²⁺ (aq) and Cu(TO)₂Cl₂ (s) were determined using a microcalorimetry RD496-Ⅲ.

Abstract:Novel nanotubes of β-CD with barium 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-onate （(NTO)₂Ba) were prepared using β-CD recognition of (NTO)₂Ba. The morphology and structure were characterized by IR,¹³C-NMR,elemental analysis,flame atomic absorption spectrometry and SEM. The results show that (1) the molar ratio of β-CD and(NTO)₂Ba of inclusion compound is 1：1; (2) the nanotubes are tetragonal lattice with the diameter of about 48 nm and the length of about a few centimeters,and grow along ［001］ axis; (3) the mechanism of the inclusion compound is presumed.

Abstract:For obtaining a good millimeter wave smoke materials,the attenuation performance to 3 mm and 8 mm wave of JF-150 expansive graphite was studied. Furthermore,the anti-IR/millimeter wave smoke composition with JF-150 expansive graphite was designed. The attenuation performance of the smoke formed by mentioned composition was also studied by the IR thermal image set and millimeter wave radiometer. The results show that the unilateralism maximum attenuation to 3 mm and 8 mm wave of expansive graphite are 17.0 dB and 16.6 dB,respectively,and better than that of the aluminum foil; the unilateralism maximum attenuation to 3 mm and 8 mm wave of 60 g expansive graphite are higher than 10 dB,the interference time is about 20 s. The expansive graphite is a good material for producing the anti-IR/millimeter wave smoke composition.

Abstract:Acidity and infrared attenuation ability of water,methanol and ammonia using titanium tetrachloride as liquid smoke agent were studied in detail. In small trunk,the smog of water and methanol is acid and the smog of 10%-20% ammonia is almost neutral; infrared attenuation ability of all these smog is satisfactory. In large trunk,the smog formed by 14% ammonia with titanium tetrachloride with proportion of 13：1 to 16：1 is neutral; the target-temperature increases from 50 ℃ to 198 ℃,the 3-5 μm infrared radiation rate of the neutral smog falls from 74% to 20%,the 8-12 μm infrared radiation rate of the neutral smog maintains upon 95%.

Abstract:The stability of ultra-fine red phosphorus was studied by the method of inorganic and organic microcapsulation. The laser extinction capability of the smoke composition made of the encapsulate ultra-fine red phosphorus was also studied. The results show that the stability of the encapsulated ultra-fine red phosphorus is highly enhanced,and the smoke composition has excellent laser extinction capability to 10.6 μm laser emission.

Abstract:A new method,based on test information entropy equivalence,for assessing reliability of initiating devices is presented. The method can be used to solve the problems which exist in GJB376 and GJB377. Less than 300 products are sufficient for estimating reliability of 0.999 by this new method and the result is consistent with that of the large sample assessment method. The verification test shows the method is suitable for reliability assessment of iniating devices.

Abstract:Based on the input structure of detonating fuse assembly in long channel three-level explosive train and factors related with boosting reliability,the input of detonating fuse assembly in short channel two-level explosive train was designed. The input was filled with PETN explosive (the mass was 100 mg,the density was 1.55 g·cm^－3）,the gap between electronic intitator and the input was 1.7 mm,and the input contacted with confined detonating fuse directly. The results show that the input of detonating fuse assembly is reliable and has high detonation transfer margin.

Abstract:A method for qualification and quantification of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) by ultraviolet spectrophotometry was established. The solution of HNIW in ethyl acetate has the maximum absorbance at 272.3 nm by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The concentration of standard HNIW was correlated very well to its optical density at 272.3 nm in the range of 0-150 mg·L^－1 with a relativity coefficient of 0.9992. During the production of HNIW,sample was taken out of the reaction vessel and measured by spectrophotometer to determine the product by λ_max and the concentration of the HNIW was calculated according to the absorbance.

Abstract:The synthetic methods and progress of bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal/bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)formal (BDNPA/BDNPF,BDNPA/F) plasticizer were introduced. The oxidative-nitration route and the chlorination-nitration route were developed by USA． The chlorination-nitration route is suitable for large scale production. More environmental friendly synthetic technology for BDNPA/F was recently developed by Thiokol corporation. Thermal and chemical stabilities of BDNPA were worse than that of BDNPF,several improved compositions were proposed. Energy of DNBPF/BDNBF composite plasticizer is equal to that of the BDNPA/F mixture,but its chemical stability is better,therefore it has great potential application.

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