Abstract:By using the double base propellant with hollow center,the outer diameter Φ45.5 mm,inner diameter Φ8.2 mm,the length 40 mm and the density 1.61 g·cm^-3,the distances between the initiating booster and sympathetic charge were set into a series of different clearances,and these gaps were filled with materials including air,water,sand,sawdust,flake of rubber and elastic gel with oxide. The effect of clearances and different fillers on new explosive detonation velocities and actions were studied. The results show that with 2 mm clearance filled with air,when the main charge is aroused,the sympathetic charge is equipped with detonation performance; with larger than 3 mm clearance filled with air,when the main charge is aroused,the sympathetic charge is not equipped with detonation performance; but after the same clearance are filled with other materials,the sympathetic charges are formed into steady detonation,and the latter detonation velocities are more than 6000 m·s^-1,and the A3 steel of 10 mm thick can be broken down.

Abstract:To substitute the general burster used in FAE bomb,the new combination burster is designed. The fuel dispersion of the FAE bomb is analyzed on the detonation wave and the charge dimension and the detonation velocity and the burster-fuel weight ratio of the combination burster. Moreover,the fuel dispersion and the FAE cloud ignition were experimented under the condition of the PO fuel or the macroscopical solid fuel and the combination burster made of the high detonation velocity explosive 8701 and the slow detonation velocity explosive NQ. The experimental results show that the combination burster can efficiently control the FAE fuel dispersion and restrain the premature-combustion of the clouds,and the FAE clouds are basically strawhat shape and are reliably ignited. Thus it is feasible that the combination burster is used in the FAE bomb.

Abstract:Adamantane was synthesized by the batch reactor system in the presence of hydrogen using endo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (endo-TCD) as reactant,solid super-acid ZrO₂-SO^2－_４(SZ) loaded REY,USY,Si-MCM-41molecular sieves as isomerizing catalysts. Loading ZrO₂-SO^2－_４ on surface of molecular sieve was helpful to increase the yield of adamantane. The effects of reaction temperature,hydrogen pressure,the content of the surface loaded ZrO₂ and the types of molecular sieves on synthesis of adamantane were investigated respectively. The results show that higher temperature(＞270 ℃) will increase the yield of hydrocracking by-products which led to the decrease of adamantane yield. The highest yield of adamantane (22.77%) was obtained by using SZ（20%）/REY as isomerizing catalyst under the following conditions: catalyst/reactant(m/m) is 0.625，reaction temperature is 250 ℃，hydrogen pressure is 1.5 MPa，reaction time is 3 h. The total selectivity of adamantane and exo-TCD was as high as 95%.

Abstract:The new nanosolid superacid Fe₂O₃／SO₄^2- was prepared by using nanometer chemical technology. Samples were characterized by XRD and TEM. The results show that Fe₂O₃／SO₄^2- is superfine solid belonging to nanocrystal and its average size is 40 nm with good distribution. The regioselection and activity of chlorobenzene nitration was raised,when the nanosolid superacid Fe₂O₃／SO₄^2- was taken as the catalyst. The optimum reaction conditions were found out. Thus activated temperature of catalyst was 600 ℃，the reaction was carried out at 50 ℃ for 6 h with n(nitric acid)／n(chlorobenzene) equalling to 3.5 and m(chlorobenzene)／m(catalyst) equalling to 20 to get the yield of 78.7%,the ratio between para- and ortho-mononitrochlorobenzene(P／O) reaching up to 4.8.

Abstract:The crystal of the title complex Mn(nip)(H₂O)₅ ( nip=5-nitroisophthalate ) was synthesized, and cultured in the filtrate of the reaction mixture. The X-ray single crystal diffractometer with graphite monochromated MoK_α (λ= 0.71073Å), elemental microanalysis, FT-IR, DSC and TG-DTG techniques were used to characterize the structure and thermal behaviors of the title complex. The results show that the central Mn²⁺ cation coordinates to the ligands 5-nitroisophthalate and 5H₂O in a distorted octahedral pattern. And the title coordination compound loses its five water molecules at the first step and the 5-nitroisophthalate at the second step during heating based on the thermal analyses and FT-IR data.

Abstract:4,7,9,11,14-pentanitro-2,4,7,9,11,14-hexaazatricyclo［8·4·0·0^3.8］tetradecane-5，6，12，13-difuroxan (PHTTD)［Ⅱ］ and 2-acltyl-4,7,9,11,14-pentanitro-2,4,7,9,11,14-hexaazatricyclo［8·4·0·0^3.8］ tetradecane-5，6，12，13-difuroxan·2H₂O(APHTTD) ［Ⅲ］ and PHTTD［Ⅱc］ were synthesized from nitration of HTTD［Ⅰ］ ; PHTTD·2H₂O［Ⅱa］ and PHTTD·dioxane［Ⅱb］ were synthesized from reaction of PHTTD［Ⅱ］ and water( or dioxane). Nitrated products forming molecular complexes with the molecules containing oxygen was general character of furazan and furoxan-fused cylic compounds of nitramines. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis,IR and MS spectra.

Abstract:To explore the new application of magnetite nanoparticles, thermal compatibility between magnetite nanoparticles and explosives in common use including hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine (RDX), cadmium three-carbohydrazide permanganate (GTG), potassium 4, 6-dinitro-7-hydroxyl-7-hydrobenzofuroxanate (KDNBF) and pentaerythritol tetra nitrate (PETN) was determined by DSC technique. The results show that Fe₃O₄ powders with 45 nm in diameter have fair compatibility with KDNBF, but poor compatibility with RDX and PETN, and bad compatibility with GTG.

Abstract:Nano-composite energetic materials,hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine/resorcinol-formaldehyde (RDX/RF) aerogel,was prepared by crystallization of RDX in the N,N-dimethyllformamide (DMF) within the nano-dimensional pores of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) gel matrix. The structures of RDX/RF aerogel were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray powder diffraction (XRD),and BET method. Experimental results show that the grid size formed by RF ranges from several to several decade nm and the mean size of nano-RDX in RDX/RF is 38 nm. The specific surface area for RF aerogel is 551.5 m²·g^-1,and for RDX/RF aerogel is 142.7 m²·g^-1. Compared to the corresponding values of the mechanical mixtures with the same components,the exothermic peak of RDX/RF aerogel moves down about 25 ℃,and the mechanical sensitivity decreases a little.

Abstract:The researches on affecting factors of preparing Al/PS microcapsules with in situ dispersion polymerization of styrene were carried out. The composition of reaction system including amounts of monomer,initiator,stabilizer and nano-aluminium particles had great influences on the morphology,size and distribution of Al/PS microcapsules. On the basis of reaction rules,uniform Al/PS microcapsules were prepared under optimization conditions. These conditions were amount of nano-aluminium particles less than 5%,amount of styrene 20%,and the amount of initiator and stabilizer 0.5% and 1.5% based on amount of monomer,respectively. The Al/PS microcapsules had good sphericity,smooth surfaces and well dispersibility. The size of Al/PS microcapsules was 1.345 μm,and the dispersion coefficient was 13.1%.

Abstract:Three different aluminum nanopowders with mean particle size of 20 nm,25 nm and 50 nm were synthesized by high frequency induction evaporation condensation method. Structure and morphology of these aluminum nanopowders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM),and the thermal behaviors of them were studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results show that the enthalpy change for oxidizing reaction of Al nanopowders is reduced from 3.721 kJ·g^－１ to 0.928 kJ·g^－１ as Al particle size decreases from 50 nm to 20 nm，so the reactivity of aluminum nanopowders becomes low as the particle size decreases，which is possibly due to the increase of surface oxide of aluminum nanoparticles and the absence of stored energy in aluminum nanopowders. Therefore,the reactivity of Al nanopowders in air depends on the particle size,the preparation method,as well as the type,structure and thickness of the surface passivating layer.

Abstract:The shapes of spherical HMX particles were studied by digital optical microscope and image manipulation technology. The sphericity of HMX particles were identified and calculated，the average sphere factors of HMX particles are 0.785,0.816,0.790 and 0.810,respectively. The shapes of HMX particles are quantitatively characterized through statistically calculating the sphericity of thousands of HMX particles with particle size of 280-400 μm and 400-450 μm. The results show that this method can distinguish the circularity of different HMX particles and quantitatively characterize the HMX spheroidizing effect.

Abstract:The tests for understanding safety and potential application of melting TNT by microwave heating were carried out in the anti-explosion room by the commercial microwave oven with output power of 0～600 W,which was improved for safety performances. The effect of output power,loading capacity of TNT and container on temperature-time curves were studied. The process for melting TNT were recorded. The surface chemistry and the molecular structure of TNT samples before and after microwave heating were analyzed. The results show that the surface and the structure of TNT do not change after microwave heating when microwave power is 120,240,360 W; loading capacity of TNT is 10,50,100 g; container is of glass or plastic; heating time is 40 min; the maximum heating velocity is 66　℃·min^-1; the maximum heating temperature is 146　℃,respectively. Furthermore,combustion or explosion does not occur in the tests.

Abstract:The mechanical properties of two types of specimens were tested,which were sampled from different direction (transverse and longitudinal) in two PBX formed by mould pressing and isostatic pressing respectively. The experimental results show that both of tensile and compressive strength between transverse and longitudinal directions in isostatic pressing PBX are almost the same,in other words,isostatic pressing PBX is mechanically isotropic; and although compressive strength between transverse and longitudinal does not show obvious difference for mould pressing PBX,but tensile strength shows apparent difference,mould pressing PBX is anisotropic.

Abstract:The enthalpies of formation for polynitro compounds were predicted by using the molecular structure describers(MSD). With the different groups of polynitro compound molecules acting as descriptor codes (i.e. molecular subgraphs),multiple linear regression equation was established,of which the correlation coefficient is 0.9980. Most of the relative errors of the calculated values are within 10%. It can be seen that the calculated values of the enthalpies of formation are in good agreement with the experimental values.

Abstract:In numerical modeling of the plane detonation wave,the state behind steady detonation must be in agreement with the Chapman-Jouguet theory. The modified JWL equation of states (EOS) of the products and Hybrid reaction model are used to obtain the matching relation between artificial viscosity and mesh size of PBX9502 of insensitive high explosives and are compared with other reaction models. When this condition is satisfied,the detonation velocity and the state of sound speed point including pressure,density and internal energy can be in agreement with the C-J theory. These variables are independent of mesh size. Thus the mesh size can be larger,and the matching relation can be used in practice.

Abstract:A single-wavelength pyrometer used for evaluating the effects of thermal damage was developed,which offered a new method to describe the temperature changes of explosive products during the course of the explosion. The temperature of oxyacetylene flame was simultaneously measured by the pyrometer and a thermocouple. And the measurement error of the single-wavelength pyrometer is only 6.2%. The results indicate that the emissivity has little effect on temperature measurement of the oxyacetylene flame by the pyrometer. The pyrometer was aslo used to measure explosive products temperature of TNT. The curve of thermal damage of TNT was obtained,which shows the temperature changes of the explosive products of TNT,and the peak temperature of the curve is 3167.15 K.

Abstract:The emulsion base pressed by dynamic pressure was studied,and the micro-photography was used to explore the microstructure changes of emulsion base. The results show that the destruction of the sensitizing carriers and the microstructure changes of the emulsion explosives are the reasons of the desensitization,and the destruction of the sensitizing carriers is the main reason. The explosion behaviors of three kinds of emulsion explosives pressed by dynamic pressure were studied. The results show that the anti-pressing property of emulsion explosive sensitized by glass micro-balloon is the best,sensitized by chemical bubbles is the better and sensitized by expanded perlite is the worst. The critical desensitization pressures of the three kinds of emulsion explosives are 134.66 MPa,99.83 MPa and 27.13 MPa,respectively.

Abstract:The photoelectric technique for studying detonation reaction zone of high energy explosive was presented and used to investigate the reaction zone widths of JO-9159 and JB-9014 explosives. The radiation intensity history of the shock front in chloroform was recorded by using chloroform as the window materials with an instantaneous optical pyrometer. Then the reaction width was obtained by the condition of interface continuity and the phenomena of mirror deduction. The results show that there is a obvious CJ point in the reaction zone of JO-9159 explosive,but not the case for JB-9014 explosive,furthermore,the reaction zone width of JO-9159 explosive decreases with the decreasing of explosive density.

Abstract:The safety of pyrotechnics of self-destruction system in hot-splitting process was studied. The results show that heat fluxes can affect the detonator with initiators and the circle-shaped destructor and the line-shaped destructor with explosives in different ways，the detonator with initiators can explode,but circle-shaped and line-shaped destructors with explosives can not explode in hot-splitting process.

Abstract:The developments and application of high-nitrogen energetic materials are reviewed. The experimental and theoretical research progresses of azine,azido and tetrazole compounds are introduced. The physical and chemical properties of some high-nitrogen compounds which are the potential candidates as high-energy density materials are evaluated. The advantages and disadvantages of the units composing of high-nitrogen compounds are compared and may provide some useful suggestions for molecular design.

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