Abstract:A new initiating explosive－tetraamminediazido cobalt(Ⅲ) perchlorate(DACP) was synthesized. Its structure was characterized by the IR，¹HNMR etc. And the main properties were measured by the various methods. The results show that DACP is an excellent primary explosive similar to tetraamminebis(5－nitrotetrazolato) cobalt (Ⅲ) perchlorate (BNCP) in functions. Synthetic method of DACP is much simpler than that of BNCP. In some initiating devices, DACP may be a substitute for BNCP and Pb(N₃)₂.

Abstract:ε－HNIW samples were prepared by nitrolysis of two chemicals tetraacetyldiformylhexazaisowurzetane (TADFIW) and tetraacetyldibenzylhexazaisowurzetane(TADWBIW) respectively. Thermal decomposition parameters and impact sensitivity (H₅₀) of the two kinds of HNIW samples were determined and SEM photographs were given. The test results show that thermal decomposition parameters and impact sensitivity (H₅₀) of the two samples are almost same, which indicate these samples have the same chemico－physical properties and the different impurities contained in ε－HNIW samples mentioned above do not affect chemico－physical properties of these samples greatly.

Abstract:The hydrolysis and nitration reaction of tetraacetylhexaazaisowurzitane (TAIW) were studied under several nitration conditions. By using the catalyst, nitration of TAIW in the system of dilute nitric acid can give hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) with yield of over 95% and purity over 99%. Moreover,a new method was found out to synthesize HNIW.

Abstract:The solubility of CL－20 and a number of polymer binders were investigated,and suitable solvents and polymer binders were selected for coating and desensitization of CL－20 with water－suspension coating method. The impact and friction sensitivity test results indicate that the “Estane－G” composite consisting of polymer Estane and graphite,and 20% TATB with small particle size (less than 1 μm) in the compositions is effective on coating and desensitization of CL－20,and the explosion temperature test results indicate that the coating do not affect the thermal sensitivity of CL－20.

Abstract:Micro－zone morphologic and phase changes of TATB/AU films were studied with in－situ AFM on a thermal stage in long－duration. The fixed－frequency of selected probe, DFM20N, was 0.38 N·m^－1,and the scan module was Tapping Mode. The other parameters were 75 ℃ stage and 0.15 fps for sampling images. Nonlinear expansion was observed in this experiment. Depolymerization and reaggregation of polyester type of urethane (AU) coating TATB were presumed by analyzing images. The coated TATB grain doe not change its shape before 15 h, but it is split quickly after 19 h. The results show that the cut－throat shape variation of adhesive (AU) accelerates the cleavage of TATB crystal fine grains.

Abstract:Ultraviolet－visible detector (UV－Vis) was used to measure the solubility of RDX in supercritical carbon dioxide(SC－CO₂) at 303,308,313,323 K and a pressure range of 7-20 MPa and the relationship between concentration and absorbance of RDX/acetonitrile solution was set up at 255 nm wavelength. The results show that the solubility decreases with increasing of the temperature under low pressures 7-15 MPa. While, the solubility increases with increasing of the temperature at high pressures. The experimental results indicate that RDX′s solubility in SC－CO₂ is very low and the maximum value of solubility is only 10^－5 g RDX per gram CO₂.

Abstract:The specific heat capacity (C_p) values of four energetic compounds, 3－nitro－1,2,4－triazol－5－one (NTO), carbohydrazide(CHZ), 2,4－dinitrophenol (DNP) and picric acid (PA), were determined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The least square method is applied to treat experimental data. In the range of 340-410 K, the C_p versus T relationship of NTO and CHZ can be expressed as a simple equation: C_P=a+bT. In the range of 330-360K, the C_p versus T relationship of DNP and PA can be expressed as a cubic equation: C_p=a+bT+cT²+dT³. The R－Squares(COD) of measured results of NTO, CHZ, DNP and PA, are 0.9591,0.9730,0.9968 and 0.9972, respectively.

Abstract:Diaminoglyoxime (DAG) was prepared by adding glyoxal and hydroxylamine hydrochloride into a cooled solution of sodium hydroxide in water, and the single crystal of DAG was cultured by dehydration at high pressure. The crystal was characterized by using X－ray single crystal diffraction，elemental analysis and FT－IR measurement. The crystal is monoclinic, space group P2₁ with cell parameters: a= 0.6763(8) nm, b= 0.3578(4) nm, c= 0.9658(12) nm,β= 90.78(2)°, V= 0.2338(5) nm³，Z=2, D_c=1.678 g·cm^-3, F（000）= 124,μ(Mo Kα)= 0.146 mm^-1, final R indices ［I>2σ(I)］ R₁ = 0.0403, wR₂ = 0.1098； R indices (all data) R₁ = 0.0422, wR₂ = 0.1122. The obtained results indicate that DAG is a kind of planar symmetric molecules, and its crystal is acicular crystal. The thermal decomposition process of DAG was predicted by TG－DTG and DSC techniques with a heating rate of 10 ℃·min^-1. The measure results show that DAG melting at 203.5 ℃, has two steps of intense thermolysis between 209-212 ℃ and 212-240 ℃, and decompose completely up to 240 ℃.

Abstract:The molar enthalpies of dissolution of ［Mn(SCZ)₃］(PA)₂·H₂O in N,N－dimethylformamide (DMF) at 298.15 K were measured by means of a SETARAM C80Ⅱ calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of dissolution was determined to be Δ_dissH^θ_m=－43.607 kJ·mol^－1. The empirical formulae for calculating the enthalpies of dissolution (Δ_dissH=－43.607－454.98b+9378.2b^1/2) of the title coordination complex at different concentrations b (mol·kg^－1) was obtained. Relative apparent molar enthalpy (ΦL_i), relative partial molar enthalpy (L_i) and enthalpy of dilution (Δ_dilH_{1, 2}) were obtained respectively from the experimental data of the enthalpies of dissolution of the coordination compound: ΦL_i =－454.98b+9378.2b^1/2, L_i=－909.96b+14067.3b^1/2 and Δ_dilH_{1, 2}=－454.98(b^1/2_２－b^1/2_１)+9378.2(b₂-b₁).

Abstract:By using Teflon as the rectificating plate, a kind of low equivalent liquid explosive lens with nitromethane was designed. The results of dynamic tests and numerical simulations show that except the inert rectificating plates have effect on the retardation of the explosive shock wave, the difference of velocity of detonation for booster pellet and nitromethane, and strong detonation are the main factors to influence the lens wave. The experimental results indicate that the strong detonation can be reduced by decreasing the thickness of booster pellet.

Abstract:An improved Eulerian method is constructed to numerically simulate the detonation course in the condensed explosives. The ignition and growth model by Lee－Tarver is used in the chemistry reaction law of explosives. The model has the following assumptions that the mixing materials are composed of the unreacted explosives and reacted products in the chemistry reaction zone, 1) have the addition of the volumes; 2) arrive at the equilibrium state about dynamics and 3) arrive at the nonequilibrium state about thermodynamics. On the basis of three assumptions, first of all, Euler equations are adopted to describe the flow motion of the mixing materials,and then the physical parameters of each material constituent, such as fraction mass, fraction volume and fraction total energy, are described through an additional set of equations. Moreover, the pressure equation about the mixing materials is coupled to the above equations, and the obtained equations of fluid flow are discretized and solved by a finite volume algorithm with high resolution and high precision. From some representative examples about unsteady detonation, the key characteristics of initiation and propagation of detonation course, such as Von Neumann spike pressure and reaction zone width can be correctly predicted by this method. The results show that the method to numerically simulate the detonation course in the condensed explosives is reasonable.

Abstract:By comparing the advantage and disadvantage of ramp current with other methods, ramp current method and up－and－down method are used to test sensitivity of bridge－wire Electrical Initiating Device. As the ramp current method can get the critical sensitivity of Electrical Initiating Device, the testing samples are designed under different charging conditions to study the relationship between charging pressure and sensitivity. The testing results show that the ramp current method can meet the sensitivity testing purpose. It can be used to detect disfigurement and difference of the Electrical Initiating Device. It can be used to evaluate the system′s fire characteristic during designing stage. Because each sample testing result can be used,fewer samples are needed in ramp current method.

Abstract:According to sample maximum probability failure units, a new reliability estimation method of go/no－go is given. Based on the new estimation method, an estimation method of confidence lower with limit of the initiating devices reliability is proposed. Comparing with GO/NO－GO method of GJB376-87, the estimation method needs fewer samples for assessing confidence level and high reliability of initiating devices. This assessment method can meet the requirement of engineering application.

Abstract:Countermeasure simulation means of smoke screen countering laser guided weapon based on certain laser guided weapon（1.064 μm）digital simulation platform was presented. The simulation results of the smoke screen′s countering laser guided weapon under typical weather environment and different transmissivity（T＝0%-100%）of 3 bomb release modes were given, and the value of smoke screen interference in battle field was analyzed quantitatively. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method is feasible for the smoke screen interference effect checking. For the present seeker′s performance, the present smoke screen shape, when the transmissivity is more than 69%, the precision of laser homing guidance wouldn′t be influenced; when it is less than 15%, the precision would be influenced seriously and the simulation diverge.

Abstract:The different illuminating composition with different oxygen balance which have the same quantity of reaction heat were designed and tested by a moment transform lamp－house radiometer. The results show that when oxygen is deficient,the burning temperature of illuminating composition increases along with the oxygen balance tending to zero,and radiant intensities of the near－infrared (0.7-1.0 μm) and visible light (0.4-0.7 μm) are improved at one time,and the extent of near－infrared radiant intensity is much larger that of visible light. It′s inferred that the radiancy is preferable when oxygen balance close to zero.

Abstract:Based on the penetrability of powder loads, the relative parameters affecting characteristics of gun propellant for powder loads were studied. The results show that the penetrability of powder loads can be improved when suitably reducing bulk density and grain size of gun propellant, increasing nitrogen content of NC and choosing oblate spheroid explosive respectively under the constant test conditions.

Abstract:Based on the analysis of working process of ejection gun of rocket ejection seat,the physical and mathematical models of interior ballistics of ejection gun were established and the interior ballistics parameters of a rocket eject seat were validated by test and calculation. The measured chamber pressure curve is consistent with the calculation curve. The calculation value and measurement value of the maximum pressure p_m, working time t_g, nuzzle pressure p_g and nuzzle velocity v_g are 24.20(24.57) MPa, 157(155)×10^-3 s, 22.27(21.83) MPa, 16.61(16.59) m·s^-1, respectively. And the largest error of their characteristic parameters is less than 3%.

Abstract:Sympathetic explosion of detonators in chipboard was studied. The parameters of shock wave acting on detonator were measured by PVDF gauge with sensing position area 1 mm×1 mm. The results show that the sympathetic explosion of detonator depends on both the shock pressure peak and its duration,and the shock pressure peak is the chief factor. When the shock pressure peak exceeded 1.29 GPa,the sympathetic explosion happened. But when it fell to 1.0 GPa,the sympathetic explosion was not observed even the shock wave had a longer duration. The delay time was observed in sympathetic explosion of detonators,moreover,the delay time increased with the decreasing of shock wave pressure.

Abstract:Al nanoparticles were prepared by flow－levitation method.The morphologies,granularities,structure and properties of particles were investigated by TEM, EDAX， XRD, UV－visible absorption spectroscopy,and thermal analysis （DSC－TG） techniques.The results show that mean granularity of the spheric Al nanoparticles is 50 nm, the maximum peak absorption appears at wavelength of 253 nm, and the oxygen percentage of Al nanoparticles is 8.2％ kept in unsealed glass bottle for half year. In Ar, the weight of Al nanoparticles increases by a factor of 20% approximately from 20 ℃ to 780 ℃, fusing peak of Al nanoparticles appears at 654.8 ℃, and melting heat is 136 J·g^-1, respectively.

Abstract:This paper analyzes the factors that affect jetting projectile formation of shaped charge through numerical simulation. Grey relational degree of each factor is obtained from grey relation theory. It is suggested that altitude, thickness of the liner wall and Apex angle of liner,as well as altitude of shaped charge are the main factors affecting formation performance of jetting projectile. Jetting projectile formation is controlled by thickness of the liner wall seriously; and the tip and tail velocity difference of jetting projectile is affected by Apex angle of liner. The analysis indicates that the grey theory is a useful way to determine line parameters in liner design.

Abstract:According to explosion mechanics and fracture mechanics，the initiation mechanism of the crack and its expansion of orientation fracture blasting were studied，the mechanism of crack initiation and its expansion of orientation fracture blasting by linear cumulative cutting charge in rock were studied，then the linear cumulative cutting charge was designed and tested in laboratory and field. The directional expansion of crack is satisfactory from the experiment and the result of field test is very good,the ruggedness fracture plane is less than 55 mm and the rates of half－hole marks are 100%.

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