Abstract:Detonation in suspended aluminum dust in tubes was analyzed with two-phase flow model. Development and propagation of aluminum dust detonation with diameter of particle 3.4 μm in detonation tube with inside diameter 15.2 cm was numerically simulated. The differences of velocity and temperature between gas and particles were considered. The dissipation by the convective heat transfer and viscosity through tube wall was taken into account. Velocity of detonation and ignition distance of particles was obtained in suspended aluminum dust with difference concentration of aluminum dust. Also the lower detonation limit was obtained which was equivalence ratio 0.25. Furthermore,detonation velocity in suspended aluminum dust with infinity tube diameter was calculated and lower detonation limit was determined which was 0.16. The detonation parameters of suspended aluminum dust in different tube diameters were obtained with equivalence 1 and critical diameter of tubes was determined.

Abstract:According to the overpressure and impulse of several SEFAE (single event fuel air explosive) warhead of different loading mass,the curves of overpressure and impulse to the distance were given,and functions between them were fitted in accordance with explosion comparability. The rule of overpressure changing with distance in three different directions was also studied when the bomb was inclined.

Abstract:Cellulose ether nitrate as novel energetic adhesive for solid propellant was synthesized. Etherifying agent was synthesized by reacting 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol with NaOH. Dihydroxypropyl cellulose was prepared by consecutive alkalification,etherification,filtration,neutralization and purification. Nitrodihydroxypropyl cellulose，which was a new type of high-energetic adhesive for solid propellant，was synthesized with dichloromethane-nitric acid system as the nitrating agent. The products′ structure,nitrogen content,degree of stability and mechanical properties was analyzed. The results indicated that the nitrogen content of nitrodihydroxypropyl cellulose could reach 13.11%,the degree of stability could reach 2.3,and the mechanical properties of the products were better than that of NC with nitrogen content 12.2%.

Abstract:DTA,TG and DSC-TG analysis are used to study the pre-ignition reaction of B/Pb₃O₄ pyrotechnic delay compositions B1,B2 and B4.The reaction residues are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The reaction mechanism is proved to be a solid-to-solid reaction which starts mainly at temperatures about 350 ℃ and 450 ℃. The chemical reaction formula in stoichiometry is proposed.

Abstract:The ε-HNIW was coated by several kinds of materials such as fluororubber and chemigum by means of extruding-prilling,solution suspension and water suspension methods. The coated HNIW samples were evaluated by means of SEM and impact sensitivity test in order to confirm the desensitization effect and the effectiveness of the coating methods mentioned above. Results show that the solution suspension method is better than the extruding-prilling method to desensitization of HNIW. Among coated samples,impact sensitivity of ε-HNIW coated by fluororubber F-5 by water suspension method is the lowest,value of characteristic height(H₅₀) is 42.5 cm.

Abstract:The reliability growth mode of high-cost initiating explosive devices was analyzed in this paper. Based on this mode,the conversion method with which all test data in the process of reliability growth were converted to the data of the last phase was presented. And the lower confidence boundaries of reliability were educed with classical and Bayesian approach respectively. Finally a calculation example was given to identify that the method is available to estimate the last phase reliability of products in the process of reliability growth.

Abstract:An insensitive explosive with high nitrogen content and high standard enthalpy of formation,3,6-bis(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl-amino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine was synthesized using triaminoguanidine nitrate and 5-aminotetraazole as starting materials. This synthesis is a four-step process,including cyclization,oxidation and dehydrogenation followed by nuclcophilic substitution. The structure of the obtained compound has been identified by IR,¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra,and element analysis. Some important properties of BTATz have been determined and are as follows: density of 1.76 g·cm^-3,melting point of 264～285 ℃,detonation velocity of 7 520 m·s^-1,combustion velocity of 5.6 mm·s^-1(101 kPa),pressure exponent 0.49,exothermic peak temperature of 320 ℃(DSC method). It is expected that BTATz might be promising in applying to insensitive explosives and low signature propellants.

Abstract:［Mg(H₂O)₆］(NTO)₂·2H₂O was prepared by adding magnesium carbonate hydroxide to the aqueous solution of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO). Its thermal decomposition mechanism was studied by DSC,TG/DTG and IR. The quantum chemical calculation on the title complex as a structure unit with the experimental geometry as starting values was carried out at B3LYP level with 6-31G basis set. The results show that the bonds between the coordinate waters and the Mg atom have certain extent covalent character. The net charges on nitrogen atoms of the NTO ring appear to be negative while the nitrogen atom on the nitro group (—NO₂) appears to be positive which indicates —NO₂ will lost first when the complex is heated to some uniform temperature and this result is in agreement with that of the thermal decomposition experiment.

Abstract:Formulations of colored smoke were studied,in which a series of new environment-friendly dyes were used. Experiment results showed that potassium chlorate (KClO₃) and lactose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) are the best oxidizer and the fuel,and 50% red,yellow or blue dye is the optimum content in the primary color formulations. In the synthesis of color 66.6% red and 33.3% blue,50% red and 50% yellow,33.3% blue and 66.6% yellow are the optimums to synthesize purple, orange and green respectively. The non-toxicity dyes used in the study were preliminarily verified through biological experiment.

Abstract:The binary mixture of BTTN and NG was separated and determined by means of simultaneous techniques of API-ES-LC-MS. Through the reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography,BTTN and NG were separated on the C₁₈ column. The detection was performed at 225 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol and water(1：1,V/V) at a flow rate of 0.2 ml·min^-1. The influence of CapEx voltage,pH of sample solution,temperature of a counter flow of neutral,heated dying gas(T) and ionization mode on the mass spectra of BTTN and NG was studied. The results show that under the conditions of CapEx voltage=-100 V,pH=7 and T=100 ℃,the perfect mass spectra of BTTN and NG were obtained using the negative ion mode.

Abstract:The preparation of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) hydrogel was introduced and related properties of the gel was characterized. Based on the closed bomb test,the combustion characteristics of the gel with different water contained were studied. The energy of the gel with the water content 34.92% can reach 757.58 J·g^-1,and the burn time less than 52.30 ms. The hydrogel can be applied to solid propellant system and the safety brake system.

Abstract:The test studied the influence of the CsNO₃ on the radiant intensity of the near-infrared illuminant（0.7～1.1 μm）composed of KNO₃-Mg-Si-C₄₈H₄₂O₇. Without changing the component of the KNO₃-Mg-Si-C₄₈H₄₂O₇,I_{0.7～1.1 μm} was improved by 20% with 5% CsNO₃. But added 10% CsNO₃,I_{0.7～1.1 μm} was not improved because of the fall of the main peak value of the spectrum energy. In order to adjust the component of the KNO₃-Mg-Si-C₄₈H₄₂O₇,it is better to add 6% CsNO₃ than 4% CsNO₃. The test approves when the CsNO₃ is used with the near-infrared illuminant composed of KNO₃-Mg-Si-C₄₈H₄₂O₇,it is appropriate to add 5%～6％ CsNO₃.

Abstract:More and more attention is being payed to the researches on damage and relative problems of high polymer bonded explosives(PBX). In the paper,an experimental research on thermal shock damage of PBX JOB-9003 specimens has been done by using water-bathed thermal shock and ultrasonic charaterization testing techniques,and a comparatively typical correlation among the thermal shock temperature difference,the specimen′s percentage of damage and the ultrasonic gain is revealed.

Abstract:The combustion gas radiance of solid rocket propellants was measured by remote Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The IR radiance spectra of combustion gases of two propellants in the wavenumber range of 500 to 4 500 cm^-1 at a resolution of 1 cm^-1 were recorded. The curves of change in the integrated radiance (emission energies) of combustion gases of two propellants with the burning time were obtained by the method of integrating the radiance between 2 000 to 3 333 cm^-1. Information was obtained on the components of combustion gas and characteristics of combustion processes of two propellants.

Abstract:A minimum initiating impulse was found in testing curve of initiation current (I) and the initiation impulse(K) of commercial electric detonators. The different initiation processes at different region of the curve were analyzed and new explanations were given to different rules with old theory. The importance of the minimum initiation impulse and the maximal no-firing initiation impulse in the indexes of firing sensitivity is further clarified.

Abstract:The up-to-the-minute progress of lead-free combustion catalysts used in solid rocket propellant is reviewed. These catalysts include bismuth compounds,energetic lead-free combustion catalyst,carbon fiber and lithium fluoride. Bismuth compounds,especially,organic aromatic acid salts are becoming the hotspot of research. Energetic combustion catalysts have attracted more and more attention. Carbon fiber and lithium fluoride are all high effective and nontoxic combustion catalysts. In this paper,the application characteristics and development prospect of these catalysts are analyzed.

Abstract:Polynitro cubanes are novel energetic compounds with carbocyclic cage. Synthesis and properties are reviewed. Octanitrocubane is an explosive with high energy,low sensitivity and excellent thermal stability.

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