Abstract:Low temperature nitration of 2-methylimidazole gave intermediates, which were aminated to form 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene .The synthesis route in literature was magnified properly and reaction conditions were optimized. The overall yield was 14.9%.The structure of DADE was characterized by IR, MS, NMR and elemental analysis.

Abstract:Starting from hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane(HBIW), five N-substituted hexaazaisowurtzitanes were synthesized via selective and catalytic hydrogenolysis debenzylation by using palladium compound as catalyst and under mild reaction conditions. In the debenzylation process, partial or all benzyl groups were displaced by other functional groups, such as H—, C₂H₅—, CHO— and CH₃CO—， etc. The structures of the resulting compounds were identified. The crystal structures of TADFIW and HAIW were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure data and the crystal cell parameters are given. The five N-substituted hexaazaisowurtzitanes can be used as precursors for synthesis of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane.

Abstract:With a V-shaped arrangement of explosive filled grooves the minimum allowed distance as a function of time difference between a detonating trace and neighboring later detonating trace can be continuously measured and analyzed. The technology and procedure is discussed with two examples. This behavior and knowledge is important for special detonation network layouts.

Abstract:The study of damage mechanisms and its evolution of explosives is of great importance for the safety evaluation of explosive materials. A long-pulse low-velocity gas gun with a gas buffer was used to impact explosive samples. The explosives used include cast Comp. B and hot pressed PBXN-5. Different projectile velocities were used to achieve different damage degree in samples and the stress history of samples in the process of dynamic loading was recorded. The microstructure of samples before and after impact were studied by use of Scanning Microscopy (SEM) and Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM). In addition, the density and ultrasonic wave attenuation of samples before and after impact loading were examined. The results show that both Comp. B and PBXN-5 exhibit similar damage characteristics of brittle materials. However, due to the difference in compositions, Comp. B and PBXN-5 also exhibit different damage characteristics.

Abstract:Two methods for estimating the critical temperature(T_b) of thermal explosion for energetic materials (EMs) are derived from the Semenov's thermal explosion theory and two non-isothermal kinetic equations, dα/dt=A(1-α)e^-Ea/RT and dα/dt=A(1-α)［1+E_a/(RT)(1-T₀/T)］e^-Ea/RT, using reasonable hypotheses. We can easily obtain the values of the autocatalytic reaction activation energies (E_a), the onset temperature (T_e) and the initial temperature (T₀) at which DSC curve deviates from the baseline of the non-isothermal DSC curve of EMs, and then calculate the critical temperature (T_b) of thermal explosion by the two derived formulae. The results obtained with the two methods for nitrocellulose (NC) are in agreement to each other.

Abstract:Thermal expansion of TATB-filled polymeric material was investigated by using thermal expansion analyzer. The relationship between thermal expansion of composites and TATB size, as well as dynamical mechanical properties of polymer were studied. It was indicated that the linear coefficient of thermal expansion increased between ambient temperature and 70 ℃ as the size of TATB decreased. There was a corresponding relationship between the changes of thermal expansion properties of TATB-filled composite and the apex of tanδ-T of polymer matrix, and the inflexion point in thermal expansion curve of composite corresponded to the apex in tanδ-T curve of F-23 copolymer.

Abstract:Gas evolution of silicon cushion materials with different structure was investigated by using TG-IR, GC-MS and solid microextraction. The results showed that inorganic ingredients such as H₂O,CO₂ and partial organic ingredients were detected among the gas enrichment of all the samples. The gas enriching components at 100 ℃ had similar ingredients to that at 200 ℃,although organic ingredients in a few samples increased at 200 ℃.

Abstract:Benzotrifuroxan, mixtures with TATNB, TCTNB or NaN₃ were selected as the target to study their stability by TG-IR, ARC, 5-second delay explosion test and impact sensitivity test. The effect of above impurities in BTF on its stability were evaluated and discussed. These impurities made the decomposition peak temperature move to lower direction. NaN₃ increased the thermal sensitivity of BTF, whereas TATNB enhanced the mechanic sensitivity.

Abstract:The igniting strength of K₁K is modified by the addition of nano-TiO₂. The impulse measurement and the lead disc test are employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the modification. When the dosage of ignition mixture is reduced to half of the minimum usage in common detonator, K₁K with nano-TiO₂ can still ignite detonator while K₁K cannot. The results show that nano-TiO₂ can increase igniting strength of K₁K and the igniting strength increases with the content of nano-TiO₂.

Abstract:The once test of nondestructive inspecting of Electro Explosive Device（EED） is introduced. The firing time for large electric current of EED is correlated with its output of the nondestructive inspecting for little electric current. For this reason, to prophesy of the firing character for one EED individually is possibility, and two methods that prophesy of the firing charater of EED are discussed.

Abstract:The low-density polyurethane foam explosive with density 0.04～0.15 g·cm^-3 was prepared by ultrasonic technology, and the explosion characteristics were determined. Those factors which affected density of polyurethane foam explosive in preparation were analyzed.

Abstract:The adiabatic stability of expanded AN-diesel oil explosives and expanded AN-trinitrotoluene-diesel oil explosives were tested by Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC). According to the ARC data, a conclusion was drawn that after adding TNT to the expanded AN-diesel oil explosive, its stability decreased and the induction time reduced greatly, while the exothermic heat increased greatly, and the blasting energy and power also increased sharply. Finally, the activation energy E and frequency factor A were calculated by the velocity constant method.

Abstract:This paper studies some clean process used for the nitration of aromatic hydrocarbon,including liquid phase reaction and gas phase reaction. By the use of new nitrating agent,catalysts and solvents,all the reactions eliminate the use of concentrated sulfuric acid and are environmental friendly with high atom economy. Reasearch and development direction of clean nitration reactions are also presented.

Abstract:Energetic material initiated by laser plays an important role in the technique of laser initiation. Energetic coordination compounds can be available for laser initiation. This paper introduced several cobaltic tetrazol coordination compounds in detail.

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