CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS
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Electrochemical Synthesis of an Azo-bridged Pyrazole-Tetrazole Nitrogen-rich Molecule and Investigation of the Properties of Its Energetic MOF
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School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

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    Abstract:

    4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-3-amino-1H-pyrazole was used as a precursor to synthesize the azo-bridged pyrazole-tetrazole compound (3) via electrochemical oxidative coupling in 74% yield. Compound 3 was further coordinated with potassium ions to construct a potassium-based energetic metal-organic framework (compound 4). The structures of 3 and 4 were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and elemental analysis (EA), compound 4 further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). The pore structure and specific surface area of compound 4 were investigated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Thermal stabilities of compounds 3 and 4 were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and their detonation performances were theoretically predicted by EXPLO5. Results show that compound 4 crystallizes in the hexagonal system, featuring one-dimensional channels with an aperture of approximately 12.97 Å and a BET surface area of 11.62 m2·g-1. The thermal decomposition temperatures of compounds 3 and 4 are 263 ℃ and 303 ℃, respectively. Compound 3 exhibits impact and friction sensitivities of 32 J and 324 N, both superior to those of RDX and HNS. Compound 4 shows an impact sensitivity of 18 J, superior to both RDX and HNS, and a friction sensitivity of 216 N, superior to RDX but inferior to HNS. This work avoids the use of strong oxidizing agents, featuring mild reaction conditions, high atom economy, and good selectivity, providing a new avenue for the green synthesis of energetic MOFs.

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YUAN Ye, LIU Lei, CHENG Guangbin, et al. Electrochemical Synthesis of an Azo-bridged Pyrazole-Tetrazole Nitrogen-rich Molecule and Investigation of the Properties of Its Energetic MOF[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),DOI:10.11943/CJEM2026131.

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History
  • Received:June 02,2026
  • Revised:August 09,2026
  • Adopted:August 17,2026
  • Online: September 29,2026
  • Published: