As an efficient process analytical technology， near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS） holds significant application value in the field of energetic materials. To meet the demands of component analysis and process monitoring for energetic materials in complex production environments， this review systematically summarizes the research progress of NIRS in this field over the past five years， with a particular focus on its applications in determining the component contents of gun propellants， solid propellants， and explosives. It further reviews the effectiveness of this technology in predicting key performance parameters， assessing stability， and monitoring manufacturing processes. In response to the key challenges encountered in practical applications， this review discusses future development directions from the perspectives of analytical method innovation， multi-technology integration， and the construction of standardized spectral libraries， aiming to provide valuable references for the continued in-depth research and engineering application of this technology.