CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS
+Advanced Search

Synthesis and Properties of Energetic Compounds with Tetrazole Combined Fused Ring Structures
Author:
Affiliation:

School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology

Fund Project:

Grant support: National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 22405222), Doctoral Fund of Southwest University of Science and Technology(No. 23ZX7153)

  • Article
  • |
  • Figures
  • |
  • Metrics
  • |
  • Reference
  • |
  • Related
  • |
  • Cited by
  • |
  • Materials
    Abstract:

    Two neutral energetic compounds, 3-nitro-7-amino-6-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (3) and 2-nitramino-7-amino-6-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (4), were synthesized via nitration of tetrazole combined fused-ring pyrazolo-pyrimidine and tetrazole combined fused-ring triazolo-pyrimidine. By exploiting the basicity of nitrogen atoms in the pyrimidine ring, nitrate (57) and perchlorate (68) salts were subsequently obtained through proton transfer reactions. The structures of the compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and elemental analysis (EA). Single crystals of compounds 5 and 7 were obtained by solvent evaporation, and their crystal structures characterized confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Furthermore, their physicochemical properties and mechanical sensitivity were assessed through gas pycnometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), impact sensitivity/friction sensitivity tests, alongside theoretical calculations of their heat of formation and detonation performance. The results indicate that compounds 4-8 exhibit detonation velocities ranging from 7870 to 8471 m‧s-1, and detonation pressures from 23.1 to 30.7 GPa, which are superior to that of TNT (Dv: 6881 m‧s-1p: 19.5 GPa). The detonation performance of the nitrate (57) and perchlorate (68) salts surpasses that of their corresponding neutral compounds 3 and 4. Notably, the perchlorate salt (compound 8Dv: 8471 m‧s-1p: 30.7 GPa) exhibits the most outstanding detonation performance. This study demonstrates that constructing tetrazole-fused structures containing basic nitrogen sites, followed by introducing oxygen-rich energetic anions through proton transfer, is an effective strategy for tuning the detonation properties of energetic materials.

    Reference
    Related
    Cited by
Article Metrics
  • PDF:
  • HTML:
  • Abstract:
  • Cited by:
Get Citation

张国杰,谭磊,邓启烨,等.稠环联四唑结构含能化合物的合成及性能[J].含能材料,2026,34(3):256-265.
ZHANG Guo-jie, TAN Lei, DENG Qi-ye, et al. Synthesis and Properties of Energetic Compounds with Tetrazole Combined Fused Ring Structures[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2026,34(3):256-265.

Cope
History
  • Received:November 13,2025
  • Revised:February 24,2026
  • Adopted:January 26,2026
  • Online: February 04,2026
  • Published: March 25,2026