Polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE）-based reactive materials have emerged as pivotal candidates for enhancing warhead lethality due to their high reactivity and strong post-detonation effects， garnering significant attention in the field of high-efficiency lethality. Component modification serves as a critical technique for optimizing the performance of such materials， where the introduction of various additive components can effectively regulate the mechanical strength and energy release characteristics of PTFE-based composites. This review systematically summarizes and compares research progress and functional features of modification systems， including reactive components， inert components， and metal hydrides. It focuses on elucidating the mechanisms by which metal hydrides modification systems synergistically enhance the dynamic mechanical properties and impact-induced energy release characteristics through the “decomposition-hydrogen release- in-situ reinforcement- multi-path reaction coupling”mechanism. Building upon this foundation， the review analyzes current challenges in hydride stability， process compatibility， and cost reduction， while also outlining future research directions such as the development of novel coating materials and and innovations in advanced forming technologies.