Aluminum trihydride （AlH₃） is regarded as one of the ideal high-energy fuels in the fields of composite solid propellants and explosives due to its high hydrogen content， high combustion calorific value， and low molecular weight of combustion gas. The research progress on the preparation methods， stabilization modification and application of AlH₃ was systematically reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods from different dimensions such as crystal form control， particle size regulation and purity optimization were deeply compared and analyzed. The latest research trends in AlH₃ stabilization technology and the current research status of solid propellants containing AlH₃ in terms of system compatibility and combustion performance were summarized. The challenges faced by the future engineering application of AlH₃ and looks forward to the research directions that need to be urgently carried out for AlH₃ as a high-energy fuel are as follows： Focusing on high-throughput screening of synthesis parameters in liquid-phase synthesis routes， precise control of heat transfer in multi-phase systems during crystal transformation， and studying on the safety control during the synthesis process to achieve safe large-scale preparation of high-quality AlH₃； Conducting multi-scale modeling and performance prediction of AlH₃ stabilization to promote the transformation of stabilization work from “trial and error based on experience” to “intelligent design”； Multi-scale analysis of the wet-heat stability of AlH₃ and its compatibility with propellant components， conducting the design and screening of propellant material systems that are compatible with AlH₃， and relying on material system innovation to solve the root problems.