In this study， to gain deeper insight into the combustion characteristics of single-base propellant， a multi-parameter measurement system based on laser diffuse reflection spectroscopy was developed. This system was employed to measure the combustion parameters of both single-base and double-base propellants. As a result， the combustion spectra and burning rates of both propellant types were successfully obtained. The experimental results revealed that within the 250-500 nm wavelengh range， emission peaks of OH*（313.9 nm）， CO₂*（462.3 nm）， and CHO*（421.7 nm） were observed， attributed to the active intermediates generated during single-base propellant combustion. Meanwhile， in the 500-780 nm range， distinct emission peaks of Na*（588.7 nm）， K*（766.8 nm）， and Ca*（554.6 nm） were detected， analyzed to originate from residual lignin in nitrocellulose. Compared with the burning velocity measurement results from the image and target line methods， the laser diffuse reflection spectroscopy method showed consistent results， with maximum relative errors of 4.17% and 9.97%. Furthermore， the results from double-base propellant combustion parameter measurements indicated that this method is also applicable for the simultaneous measurement of combustion velocity and spectra of double-base propellants. The developed method possesses feasibility and versatility， enabling non-contact and non-destructive measurement of propellant burning velocity.