As the functional unit to achieve the shooting and precise destruction of barrel weapons， the gun propellant holds a key and core technology status. In this paper， the development histories and evolutionary patterns of the gun propellant and charge technology were systematically summarized and analyzed. The research status and main problems were described across three levels： science， technology and products. Meanwhile， the future development trends of the gun propellant and charge technology were analyzed and prospected in terms of scientific exploration， technological innovation， and the application of products in weapon systems. This paper aims to provide reference for gun propellant researchers， industry management， and manufacturing companies to promote the industry"s healthy development.