In order to accurately understand the mechanical characteristic of 1，3，5-triamino-2，4，6-trinitrobenzene （TATB）-based polymer bonded explosive （PBX） under compressive loading， an in-situ measurement technique based on micro X-ray computed tomography （μ-CT） imaging and digital volume correlation （DVC） was proposed. The in-situ scanning for TATB based PBX sample under uniaxial compression was carried out by using μ-CT and the three-dimensional digital volume images of the samples under different loading were obtained. Then， two sets of digital volume images obtained before and after loading respectively were analyzed by using local DVC method based on the Inverse Compositional Gauss-Newton （IC-GN） algorithm and the three-dimensional internal displacement and strain fields with sub-voxel accuracy were obtained. The internal stress fields were finally rebuilt according to the elastic Hook’s rule. The results show that the generation and development process of the strain localization zone inside the sample could be directly revealed based on the internal measurement technique combining DVC and μ-CT. In addition， the Zero-mean Normalized Cross-Correlation （ZNCC） coefficients are commonly lower at the microcracks. In practical applications， the location of sub-voxel microcracks could be identified by the distribution of ZNCC coefficients.