In order to study the influence of modification technology on the ignition and explosion characteristics of the composite hydrogen storage materials， the combustion heat of Al， MgH₂， Hydrogen storage material CM and hydrogen storage material CM-H coated with hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene （HTPB） was measured by an oxygen bomb calorimeter， and the mass change of the four samples within 48 h was test as well. Results show that CM-H has the highest combustion heat for 30.5633 MJ·kg^-1. Meanwhile its mass gained within 48 h in air is the least for 0.46%. Result show that the modification can effectively prevent the performance degradation of the materials so that they can maintain a high combustion heat. The minimum ignition energy， flame propagation characteristics and explosion pressure of the four samples were studied by an 1.2 L Hartmann tube， a high-speed camera and a 20 L ball explosion test device respectively. Results show that the minimum ignition energy of CM is 50-60 mJ， which was only a half of the critical ignition energy of aluminum powder （100-150 mJ）. It indicated that the addition of MgH₂ into metal materials can effectively reduce the ignition energy. The minimum ignition energy of CM-H dramatically increased to 700-750 mJ after coating. The test results of flame propagation speed， explosion pressure and explosion index presented the performance order of MgH₂ > CM > CM-H > Al. Results indicat that the modified composite hydrogen storage material has lower electric spark sensitivity， higher safety and better explosion performance.