With the deepening and development of the concept of long-range operations， long-range strike of missile has become an indispensable part of modern warfare. Therefore， the damage assessment of target hit by missile warhead has been the focus of damage research in recent years. Research of damage assessment in the process of missile warhead striking the target are summarized from four aspects： damage assessment model of target， main subjects in damage process， damage of classified targets， and methods of damage assessment， respectively. Problems such as non-standard judgment of damage degree， unclear relationship of damage mapping and inaccurate solution of damage probability in current stage are pointed out. According to the insufficiency of current study， some suggestions are proposed for the research in the future， which can provide reference for the investigations in the related fields.