To satisfy the growing demand for military and civilian applications, a new energetic compound, 2-azido-6-methyl-5-nitropyrimidin-4(3H)-one(AMNP), was prepared from 5-aminotetrazole and ethyl acetoacetate through a two-step synthesis of cyclization and nitration with a total yield of 60%. Its structure was characterized by element analysis (EA), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The single crystal of AMNP was cultured from isopropanol. Its molecular structure and crystal structure were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction analyzer. The crystal belongs to orthorhombic crystal system, space group Pna2₁,with M_r=196.14,a=19.800(4) Å,b=5.6660(10) Å,c=14.300(3) Å,V=1604.3(5) ų, Z=8, D_c=1.624 g·cm^-3. The thermal behavior of AMNP was studied by using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) method. Its first decomposition peak is 227.39 ℃ and the second one is 298.75 ℃, which indicate that it has a good thermal stability. According to standard BAM method, the impact sensitivity is 10 J, and the friction sensitivity is above 360 N.