To increase the energy of liquid fuels and solve the problem that the nanoparticles cannot be stably dispersed, here a low-molecular weight gellant (LMWG) was used to synthesize JP-10 gel containing nano-sized aluminum particles (Al/JP-10). The critical gellant concentration and the transition temperature of JP-10 gels were determined, and the basic physical properties such as density, viscosity, volumetric heat and physical stability of metallized JP-10 gels were studied. Their rheological properties were also investigated by shear-thinning tests, thixotropic tests, strain sweep tests and frequency-sweep tests. Results show that aluminum nanoparticles can be stably dispersed in the LMWG/JP-10 gels, and the gels can be converted into liquid state under the condition of shearing or heating. The addition of LMWG and nano-sized aluminum nanoparticles significantly increases the density, volumetric heat value and viscosity of gels. When the content of aluminum is 25%, the density, viscosity and volumetric heat value of 2% LMWG/JP-10 is 1.156 g·mL^-1, 840 mPa·s, 45.8 MJ·L^-1, respectively. When the aluminum particles content is less than 25%, the stability of the gel system is decreased. While when the aluminum particles content reaches 25%, the stability of gelled fuel is better than that of gelled fuel without nanoparticles. Although the presence of metal nanoparticles significantly enhances the mechanical strength and structural stability of the gel system, the gels still maintain good shear-thinning characteristics and have less gel recovery after shearing.