To improve the explosion power of traditional emulsion explosives, a kind of emulsion explosive sensized by hydrogen storage glass microspheres was developed. The detonation performances of emulsion explosives with different contents of hydrogen storage glass microspheres were studied by underwater explosion test and brisance test. The specific impulse of explosive brisance was obtained by theoretical calculation. Results show that compared with emulsion explosives with ordinary glass microspheres, the shock wave overpressure peak, shock wave specific energy, bubble specific energy, total energy of the emulsion explosives with 4% hydrogen storage glass microspheres increase by 14.25%, 14.22%, 11.11% and 12.67%, respectively, and its brisance (lead cylinder compression value) increases by 3.03 mm. The shock wave parameters of explosive decrease gradually with increasing the content of hydrogen storage microspheres. The hydrogen storage glass microspheres play a dual role of sensitizer and energetic material in the emulsion explosive. Therefore, a significant increase in the work capacity and brisance of the emulsion explosives sensitized by hydrogen storage glass microspheres is obtained.