To obtain a friendly green catalyst for aldol resin, the ionic liquid [HSO₃-pHim]HSO₄ was applied to cure aldol resin. The curing kinetics of aldol resin were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method, and the mechanical properties of aldol resin based PBXs were studied by electronic universal testing machine. Results show that the average apparent activation energy, frequency factor and reaction order are 2.59 kJ·mol^-1, 994.61 s^-1 and 0.93, respectively. When the content of [HSO₃-pHim]HSO₄ is 0.9% and curing temperature is 30 ℃, the tensile strength, compression strength and elongation to fracture of PBX are 16 MPa, 41 MPa and 0.81%, respectively. Comparing to cured by diethyl sufate (DES), the compression modulus of the PBX cured by [HSO₃-pHim]HSO₄ decrease by 35%.