Aromatic structures exhibit high stabilities and most of the heat-resistant energetic compounds are constructed with aromatic moieties. Based on the differences in the ring skeleton, the aromatic heat-resistant energetic compounds were divided into single, fused and coupling aromatic ring systems, and their synthesis and performance were reviewed. On the basis of overall summary for the research progress in the synthesis of heat-resistant aromatic energetic compounds with single, fused and polycyclic structures, the synthesis of some conjugate energetic compounds with good heat resistance were emphatically introduced. Structure activity relationship between molecular structure and thermostability were also discussed. The outlook of prospect on the aromatic heat-resistant energetic compounds were also carried out.