N-(1, 4, 6-trinitrohexahydroimidazo[4, 5-d]imidazol-2(1H)-ylidene)nitramide(TNINA), a energetic nitrogenous poly-heterocyclic compound, was synthesized with a total yield of 47% by three stages of nitration reaction using hexahydroimidazo[4, 5-d]imidazol-2(1H)-imine as raw material. The factors affecting the third nitration reactions such as reaction time, reaction tempterature and volume ratio of acetic anhydride to nitric acid were investigated as well. The title compound and its intermediates were characterized by IR, NMR and MS. Its thermal stability was analyzed by DSC and TG and the temperature of decomposition was 214.4 ℃, and exothermic process was finished instantly. The theoretical density of TNINA after optimizing predicted by Monte-Carlo method is 1.91 g·cm^-3, and experimental value is 1.89 g·cm^-3. The heat of detonation, detonation velocity and detonation pressure predicted by Kamlet-Jacobs formula are 5513.26 kJ·kg^-1, 8.836 km·s^-1, 35.80 GPa, and the theoretical and experimental impact sensitivity(H₅₀) is 41 cm and 53 cm. All the results show that TNINA have better detonation performance and more insensitive than RDX.