To improve the energy levels of of energetic Pb(Ⅱ) complex of 2, 6-diamino-3, 5-dinitropyridine-1-oxide [ANPyO Pb(Ⅱ)] and obtain the safety and thermal decomposition characteristic parameters of ANPyO Pb(Ⅱ), energetic complex ANPyO Pb(Ⅱ) was synthesized using ANPyO and lead acetate as raw materials, N, N-dimethylformamide(DMF) as solvent. Its structure was characterized by infrared(IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). Its impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity were tested. The thermal decomposition behavior of the complex was studied by differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry(DSC-TG) at the different heating rate, the apparent activation energy and thermodynamic parameters for thermal decomposition reaction of the complex, and thermal safety parameters of the complex were calculated by Kissinger′s formula, Ozawa′s formula, thermodynamic reaction formula and Zhang-Hu-Xie-Li formula, respectively. The results show that the molecular formula of the complex is Pb(C₅H₃N₅O₅). Impact and friction sensitivity of the complex are 238 cm and 0, respectively. The thermal decomposition process of ANPyO Pb(Ⅱ) in the temperature range of 25-500 ℃ consists of one endothermic melting peak and one exothermic decomposition peak, corresponding peak temperatures are 265.0 ℃ and 332.6 ℃. The apparent activation energy for the thermal decomposition reaction of Pb-ANPyO obtained by Kissinger method and Ozawa method is 202.42 kJ·mol^-1 and 197.40 kJ·mol^-1, respectively. The entropy of activation, enthalpy of activation, free energy of activation of the exothermic decomposition reaction are 149.5, 197.7 kJ·mol^-1 and 112.1 kJ·mol^-1, the critical temperature of thermal explosion and self-accelerating decomposition temperature of the complex are 586.6 K and 572.4 K, respectively.