Aza-polyaromatic ring energetic compounds are a kind of important nitrogen-rich energetic compounds, which are one of the hotspots in the research field of energetic materials at home and abroad. A wide variety of various aza-polyaromatic ring energetic compounds were obtained via different bonding methods of C—C or C—N single bond etc of aza-aromatic rings. These compounds mainly contain two kinds of symmetrical and nonsymmetrical structures. Their classification is also performed according to ring system characteristics of bicyclic, tricyclic and polycyclic structures. The synthesis of aza-polyaromatic ring compounds is simple. Currently, a large number of new high energy density compounds with excellent properties were obtained. In this paper, the research progresses on aza-polyaromatic ring energetic compounds consisted of furazans or azoles etc nitrogen-rich ring system, which are connected by C—C or C—N single bond, were summarized. The construction methodologies of aza-polyaromatic ring and the synthesis technology route of aza-polyaromatic ring energetic compounds are emphatically reviewed, at same time, the physicochemical and detonation performances of typical aza-polyaromatic ring energetic compounds were briefly introduced. Developing the synthesis method of new ring system with simple, efficient and mild reaction conditions, introducing new energetic groups and designing new aza-polyaromatic ring energetic compounds should be the emphasis of research in this field in the next stage.