To investigate the long-term storage aging damage and mechanical environment adaptability of ammunition charge, the macroscopic structure defects of the pressed HMX-based polymer bonded explosive(PBX) charge stored for 4, 8 and 12 years were observed by computerized tomography(CT scanning). The micro damage of the charge stored for 4 and 12 years was analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The mechanical environment adaptability of the charge stored for 12 years was examined by impact and vibration tests. Results indicate that the defects of PBX charge occur after long-term storage. The defects are expressed as relatively straight cracks penetrated along the radial direction and circumferential uniform distribution. The crack number increases with the increase of storage period. The micro damage model of charge defects is the interface debonding and matrix cracking. After certain loading subjected to impact and vibration, the 2 charge cracks are increased, but PBX charge ammunition with defect can ensure to be safe.