To establish a rapid quantitative test method of blending uniformity of modified double-base propellant components, a near infrared (NIR) spectrometer was adopted to test the double-base absorbed sample and to quantitatively analyze the contents of each component and their dispersion uniformity. Firstly, based on sample testing, the quantitative calibration models of the components: nitrocellulose(NC), nitroglycerine(NG), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine(RDX) and water were established and the correlation coefficients of each component model are more than 0.98, and the mean values of components′ absolute errors obtained by internal validation are less than 2%. Then NIR spectra of samples in the blending process were continually collected. The component contents of sample were predicted by the established models. The absolute errors of the predicted results and the actual values are less than 2%. The blending uniformity of sample was analyzed by coefficient of variation (CV) method for the contents of each component and and moving block standard deviation (MBSD) method for the original spectra of samples. The CV values of each component are less than 1.5%, while MBSD value of the sample is less than 0.001. Two kinds of evaluation indexes have reached steady state after 2.5 min, indicating that sample components had uniform distribution. Results show that it is feasible to use near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to test the blending uniformity of modified double-base propellant components.