1, 4-Diamino-3, 5-dinitropyrazole(DADNP) as target substance was synthesized by amination of the important precursor 4-chloro-3, 5-dinitropyrazole(CDNP) with the yield of 58.0%, in which CDNP was obtained via halogenation and nitration reaction using pyrazole as raw material.The structure of DADNP was characterized by IR, MS, NMR and elemental analysis.The thermal behavior of DADNP was studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The factors affecting amination and nitration reactions were investigated.Results show that the optimized amination reaction conditions are determined as mesitylene sulfonyl hydroxylamine(MSH) as amination reagent, room temperature, n(ADNP-NH₄⁺):n(MSH)=1:1.5, reaction time 12 h.The optimized nitration reaction conditions are determined as:V(oleum):V(nitric acid)=2:1, reaction temperature 110-115 ℃, reaction time 4h, the yield 72.0%.The melting point and decomposition peak temperature of DADNP are 192 ℃ and 247 ℃, respectively.