Nitrogen-rich compounds without hydrogen have attracted special attention these years. Because these compounds do not contain hydrogen atom without water vapor in their combustion products, and easy to achieve oxygen balance. The synthesis, characterization, performance and research progress of nitrogen-rich compounds without hydrogen(furazan type nitrogen-rich compounds without hydrogen, nitro type nitrogen-rich compounds without hydrogen, nitrogen-rich compounds without hydrogen and oxygen, and compounds with only nitrogen in molecule) are summarized, and their developing trend in the future was analyzed. So far, the nitrogen-rich compounds without hydrogen and all-nitrogen compounds are expected to have practical application, and they are focus of application researchers.