When the explosive and propellant samples are analyzed by chromatography, firstly, the tested substances need to be extracted into solvent from solid matrices.The time required for traditional pretreatment methods of explosive and propellant samples such as Soxhlet′s extraction(SE) method and solvent-dissolve-water-precipitation extraction(SDWP) method is too long, which can not meet the needs of modern rapid detection.The extraction effect of some explosive and propellant samples by the ultrasound-assisted extraction(UAE), microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) and pressurized-liquid extraction(PLE) were examied.Results show that MAE and PLE have to choose the extraction solvent, which can not dissolve nitrocellulose(NC), only dissolve the tested substances.The extraction time of UAE, MAE and PLE is shorter than that of SE and SDWP.UAE is used to extract the explosive and propellant samples with loose texture and without NC polymer as binder.The use of higher MAE temperature is limited due to volatile obviously after nitroglycerin(NG) heating under normal pressure, i.e.the effect of microwave is restricted, the price ratio of extraction efficiency relative to expensive instrument is not high.PLE can restrain the volatilization and decomposition of NG, having the very strong dissolution ability for the tested substances, including cyclotrimethylene trinitramine(RDX), and the advantages of high extraction efficiency and wide application.Its shortcoming is that running cost is higher.