Thermal behaviors of 3, 4-dinitrophyrazole (DNP) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermal gravity/differential thermal gravity(TG-DTG). The compatibilities of DNP with some explosive component materials, including 2, 4-dinitroanisole(DNAN), 1, 3, 3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine(RDX), cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine(HMX), hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20), ammonium perchlorate(AP), Al and microcrystal wax were discussed by vacuum stability test (VST) and DSC. Results show that thermal decomposition process of DNP can be divided into two stages.The peak temperature of DSC curve for the first stage is 319.8 ℃, which revealing that DNP has superior thermal stability. And the peak temperature of DSC curve for the second stage is 407.2 ℃. The compatibilities of DNP with DNAN, TNAZ, RDX, HMX, Cl-20, AP, Al and microcrystal wax are good. These materials can be used as components in explosives.