Nitroguanidine(NQ) is an insensitivity explosive with certain reaction activity, which can react with some nucleophiles to give many NQ derivatives, including N-methyl-N′-nitroguanidine (MeNQ), 3-amino-1-nitroguanidine (ANG), hydrazobis(nitroformamidine) (HABNF) 1-(2, 2, 2-trinitroethylamino)-2-nitroguanidine (TNEANG), 3, 5-diamino-1-nitroamidino-1, 2, 4-triazole (DANAT), 2-nitroimino-5-nitrohexahydro-1, 3, 5-triazine (NNHT), 1, 2-dinitroguanidine (DNG). These derivatives belong to energetic materials, part of which has been applied. Synthesis methods of this kind of energetic NQ derivatives were reviewed. The performance characteristics of some compounds in these energetic NQ derivatives were introduced with 50 references