The synthesis method of energetic guanidine ionic compounds with the characteristics of high enthalpy of formation, good thermal stability and environment-friendly was summarized. The effects of cation, anion, substituent group and intermolecular force on the melting point, density and energy performance of energetic guanidine ionic compounds were analyzed. The progress in the applications of energetic guanidine ionic compounds in gas generation agents, propellants and explosives was introduced and reviewed.