A formula describing the temperature response of materials heated by thermal effects of explosive detonation was derived. A numerical method of estimating the relation between temperature (T) and penetration depth (x) of materials was presented. With the help of the data of initial temperature,specific heat capacity,density and thermal conductivity of aluminum particle (system Ⅰ),3Fe₃O₄-8Al thermit particle (system Ⅱ) and aluminized explosive (59/20/20/0.5/0.5-RDX/AP/Al/binder/additive) particle (system Ⅲ),and temperature in detonation region and detonation stabilization time of nitromethane,the T vs x relation diagrams for systems Ⅰ-Ⅲ were constructed by numerical calculation using derived formula. The results show that under thermal effects in nitromethane detonation region the values of x arrived at ignition temperature of 2070 K for system Ⅰ,1209.15 K for system Ⅱ and 485.68 K for system Ⅲ is 1.053 μm,1.880 μm and 0.1905 μm,respectively,and the values of x arrived at original temperature (300 K) is 10.5 μm for system Ⅰ,9.6 μm for system Ⅱ and 0.6 μm for system Ⅲ.