The in-situ dispersion polymerization in the presence of nano- aluminium was used to prepare the nano-aluminium microcapsules by styrene (St) as monomer and ethyl alcohol as reaction media without oxygen and water,and effect of surface treatment was studied. The results show that the sorts and amounts of surfactant have great influences on the morphology of nano-aluminium/PS microcapsules. After treated with Span-80 or PEG under ultrasonic irradiation,in-situ dispersion polymerization on the surfaces of nano-aluminium is initiated in region containing rich monomer and initiator. When nano-aluminium absorbing PEG and primary nucleus absorbing PVP reach dynamic balance，W_PEG=20.0 wt% St,the nano-aluminium microcapsules with smooth surfaces and well dispersion can be prepared, which can encapsulate most nano-aluminium.