Encapsulating dispersion polymerization in the presence of nano-aluminium was used to prepare the nano-aluminium microcapsules using styrene (St) as monomer and ethyl alcohol as reaction media under the conditions without oxygen and water. The prepared nano-aluminium microcapsules have good sphericity and smooth intact surface,and have size of about 2.0 μm and more uniform size distribution. The nano-aluminium microcapsules were characterized by SEM,TEM,FTIR,X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the nano-aluminium powders were uniformly dispersed in PS microspheres and formed nano-aluminium/polymer microcapsules.