The hydroxyl butylenes cellulose,a thermoplastic energetic bonder intermediate, was synthesized by the reaction of butadiene monoxide and a novel cellulose which was treated respectively by high pressure and high temperature steam explosion at 3.0 MPa,4.0MPa,4.8MPa and was characterized by SEM to indicated that the morphological and supermolecular structure of the treated cellulose was destroyed compared with untreated cellulose. The products were characterized and analyzed by FTIR and X-ray diffraction and DSC. The effects of reaction conditions such as temperature,time,concentration and reaction ratio,on the synthesis were investigated,and the synthesis condition was optimized.The test results show that the material proportion,temperature,stirring style and charging sequence are the four main factors that influence the synthesis.