摘要
火炸药在生产和加工中会产生苯胺废水,对环境造成较大的污染。为苯胺降解提供高效的菌种资源,从化工废水处理厂好氧曝气池活性污泥中分离出一株以苯胺为唯一碳源和能源生长的高效降解菌Q6,通过形态观察、生理生化特征和16S rDNA基因序列系统发育分析,初步鉴定菌株属于食酸菌属(Acidovorax sp.)。研究了接种量、温度、pH值、外加碳氮源对菌株Q6降解苯胺的影响,同时拟合了不同初始浓度苯胺的降解动力学过程和菌株Q6生长动力学过程。实验结果表明,在温度23~37 ℃和pH 5~8的条件下,菌株Q6均能高效降解苯胺,且氯化铵可作为最优共代谢氮源促进菌株对苯胺的降解。最适条件33 ℃、pH 7和接种量10%,该菌株对不同初始浓度(200~3000 mg·
图文摘要
A strain resistant to high concentration of aniline degradation was domesticated and isolated from the activated sludge of aerobic aeration tank of chemical wastewater treatment plant. Based on morphological characteristics, biochemical tests and 16S rRNA evaluation results, it was initially identified as Acidovorax sp., and its degradation characteristics were studied. The kinetics and growth kinetics of aniline at different initial mass concentrations were fitted.
苯胺(Aniline,C6H7N,简称AN)作为重要的化工原料广泛应用于各类火炸药合成,生产过程中往往会产生大量的苯胺废
苯胺废水的处理方法主要有物理
为了获得环境适应性好、耐受苯胺的高效降解菌,本研究从化工废水处理厂好氧曝气池活性污泥中分离出一株高效降解苯胺的菌株Q6,对该菌株进行了初步鉴定和降解特性研究,以期为利用该菌株处理高浓度苯胺废水提供菌种资源和一定的理论依据。
试剂:苯胺(C6H7N,分析纯),无色油状液体,稍溶于水,易溶于乙醇、乙醚等有机溶剂,购自Aladdin公司;用于培养基制备的化学药品和试剂为分析纯,购自天津市科密欧化学试剂开发中心。
仪器:HZ‑9511KB双层气浴恒温摇床;SW‑CJ‑1F型单人双面净化工作台;BXM‑30R型高压蒸汽灭菌锅;MGC‑350HP‑2型智能人工气候箱;UV‑2100型紫外可见分光光度计;HC‑3018台式离心机;JY92‑II型超声波乳化机;EM‑30PLUS型扫描电子显微镜。
菌株来源:从太原清徐县某化工废水处理厂好氧曝气池活性污泥中驯化、富集所得,污泥呈褐色、松散。
无机盐培养基(筛选培养基):Na2HPO4 0.4 g,NaH2PO4 0.2 g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g,KCl 0.2 g,FeSO4·7H2O 0.01 g,按需添加苯胺,去离子水定容至1000 mL,pH 7。
LB培养基(富集培养基):酵母膏5 g,蛋白胨10 g,氯化钠10 g,去离子水定容至1000 mL,pH 7。
固体培养基:在上述培养基中加入20 g琼脂。
将化工废水处理厂好氧曝气池活性污泥10 g,加入装有90 mL无菌水锥形瓶中,恒温摇床中震荡24 h制成样品液。取10mL样品液转接于200 mg·
对菌株Q6的形态和生化特性进行了测
取斜面保存的菌株接种至含苯胺的富集培养基中30 ℃培养至对数期,取样于离心机5000 r·mi
在500 mg·
为了证明菌株Q6可以降解苯胺,设置4组不同的平行实验:(1)只含有500 mg·
接种菌悬液至500 mg·
(1) 菌株Q6降解苯胺动力学
在pH 7、温度33 ℃和接种量10%最适条件下,研究了不同初始苯胺浓度(200~4000 mg·
(1) |
(2) |
式中,t是时间,h;k是一阶常数,
(2) 菌株Q6生长动力学
选取菌株Q6对初始苯胺浓度200~2000 mg·
(3) |
式中,μ是比生长速率,
采用富集法,从好氧曝气池的活性污泥中分离得到苯胺降解菌Q6,该菌株能以苯胺作为生长的唯一碳氮源,根据形态学观察,在含苯胺的LB固体培养基上,菌落初期形态较小,白色圆形中间凸起,表面光滑,四周平滑无隆起(

a. 24 h

b. 48 h

c. 72 h

d. SEM
图1 不同生长时刻的菌株Q6菌落形态及其电镜图
Fig.1 Colony morphology and electron microscope structure of strain Q6 at different growth moments

图2 菌株Q6的系统发育树
Fig.2 Phylogenetic tree of strain Q6
在无机盐培养基、含灭活菌株Q6无机盐培养基和含菌株Q6蒸馏水中,苯胺的含量几乎没有较大变化(

图3 不同体系对菌株Q6的降解
Fig.3 Degradation of strain Q6 in different systems
在以苯胺(500 mg·

图4 苯胺降解过程和菌株生长曲线
Fig.4 Degradation process of Aniline and growth curve of strain
为了研究接种量对苯胺降解的影响,选用5%~25%的接种量进行苯胺测试,结果如

图5 接种量对苯胺降解的影响
Fig.5 Effect of inoculation amount on degradation of Aniline
pH值对菌株Q6降解苯胺的影响如

图6 pH对苯胺降解的影响
Fig.6 Effect of pH on degradation of Aniline
温度影响菌株的生长和代谢活性。Acidovorax sp.与本研究中分离的菌株Q6具有约99.93%的序列相似性,是一种中温细菌,最适生长温度在25~45 ℃之

图7 温度对苯胺降解的影响
Fig.7 Effect of temperature on degradation of Aniline
添加额外的碳氮源会促进或抑制有毒污染物的生物降解。如

图8 外加碳氮源对苯胺降解的影响
Fig.8 Effect of additional carbon and nitrogen source on degradation of Aniline
1—对照, 2—乙酸钠, 3—淀粉, 4—葡萄糖, 5—蔗糖,6—硫酸铵, 7—氯化铵, 8—硝酸铵, 9—尿素
1—Contrast, 2—Sodium acetate, 3—Starch, 4—Glucose, 5—Sucrose,6—Ammonium sulfat, 7—Ammonium chloride, 8—Ammonium nitrate, 9—Urea
菌株的生长情况受苯胺浓度的影响,苯胺浓度越高其对生物的毒性越大。因此,研究在不同初始苯胺浓度下菌株的生长及对苯胺的降解是评价降解能力的主要标准之

a. ailine degradation

b. growth of strain Q6
图9 不同初始浓度菌株Q6对苯胺的降解及生长
Fig.9 Degradation and growth of Aniline by strain Q6 at different initial concentrations
对苯胺降解过程采用零级、一级反应动力学方程式进行拟合,结果如
对其生长过程采用Haldane方

图10 菌株对不同苯胺初始浓度的比生长速率
Fig.10 Specific growth rates of strain to different initial concentrations of Aniline
动力学参数:µmax=0.130
(1)从化工废水厂的活性污泥中分离出一株耐高浓度苯胺降解菌Q6,经鉴定为食酸菌属(Acidovorax sp.)。该菌株可以在苯胺为唯一碳氮源无机盐培养基中生长,能耐受高达4000 mg·
(2)菌株Q6降解苯胺具有较宽的环境适应范围和较高的苯胺降解率,最适条件下:接种量10%、pH 7和温度33 ℃,该菌株对不同初始浓度(200~3000 mg·
(3)降解动力学分析表明,苯胺初始浓度在200~500 mg·
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