Gunshot residue （GSR） is a trace particle formed during the firing of a bullets. As an important research subject in forensic science， it plays a key role in the investigation of gun-related cases. Currently， conventional GSR detection mainly relies on large laboratory instruments. However， due to the complexity of sample pretreatment and the longthy submission process， it is difficult to provide analysis results quickly， thereby affecting the decision-making efficiency of on-site investigation work. In recent years， GSR on-site rapid detection technology has received widespread attention due to its simple operation， low cost， and portability. This type of technology can be directly implemented at the crime scene without relying on large precison instruments ， and can quickly output detection results. It is suitable for the preliminary screening of GSR and can also be used as the final confirmation detection method， and has become a research hotspot in this field. Therefore， a systematic review of the research progress on-site rapid detection technology for GSR is conducted， focusing on introducing five categories of methods： colorimetric methods， spectroscopic methods， mass spectrometry methods， electrochemical methods， and fluorescent labeling methods. Their advantages and limitations are thoroughly analyzed， and they are compared with the practical applications of laboratory detection technology. Finally， future research development directions are proposed， aiming to provide theoretical basis and methodological references for on-site technicians in actual detection work.