To investigate the deformation behavior of explosive powder during bidirectional compression， as well as the pressure and density distribution laws of the explosive column， a random packing model considering the molding powder size distribution of the powder was established using ANSYS APDL parametric design language. Based on the finite element method of continuum mechanics， the dynamic bidirectional compression process of the powder was simulated and calculated. The results show that the model exhibits a good simulation effect on the bidirectional compression process of the powder， with the maximum error between the experimental and simulation results under various specific pressures being only 2.044%. The relative density of bidirectional compression is higher than that of unidirectional compression， and the improvement in the low-pressure region is more significant. The axial pressure and density distribution of the explosive column are characterized by being larger at both ends and smaller in the middle， while the radial distribution shows smaller values on both sides and larger in the middle. Since the radial pressure difference is ≤6 MPa， while 66% of the axial pressure differences exceed 6 MPa （with a maximum of 26.8 MPa）， the radial density distribution can generally be neglected. During compression， the powder mainly undergoes deformation along the axial direction， with molding powder rotating and transforming from regular to irregular shapes. The parts in contact with the punches and mold are flat， and there are basically no gaps between molding powder.