The gelation of JP-10 is achieved by incorporating varying concentration of low-molecular-weight gelling agent. The rheological properties of the resulting gels are systematically investigated by introducing Al powder with different particle sizes. Key rheological parameters, including shear-dependent viscosity, thixotropic behavior, and linear viscoelastic properties, are analyzed to evaluate the effects of gelling agent concentration, Al powder content, and particle size. The results demonstrate a pronounced shear-thinning behavior, with the gel viscosity decreasing by approximately four orders of magnitude as the shear rate increased from 0.01 s?1 to 100 s?1. Increasing the gelling agent concentration led to enhanced viscosity, improved recovery ability, and higher yield stress, with a more pronounced frequency dependence observed at higher concentrations. The incorporation of Al powder significantly increases both gel viscosity and relaxation time, with nano-sized Al particles exerting a more substantial effect than micron-sized particles. Furthermore, the addition of surfactants and elevated temperatures results in a marked reduction in gel viscosity, accompanied by a concurrent decrease in both the storage modulus (G′)and loss modulus (G"). The incorporation of aluminum powder reduces the dependence of recovery rate on gelling agent concentration. Also, both surfactants and temperature significantly influence the rheological properties of the gel.The viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus of the gel system decrease with increasing surfactant concentration and temperature.