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基于有机硅包覆HMX的推进剂界面增强研究
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西北工业大学

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国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)


Interfacial Enhancement Technology in Propellant Based on Silicone-coated HMX
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Northwestern Polytechnical University

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    摘要:

    为改善丁羟四组元复合固体推进剂的力学性能,本研究采用3-[2-(2-氨基乙基氨基)乙基氨基]丙基-三甲氧基硅烷(A1130)和脲丙基三乙氧基硅烷(A1160) 对HMX及强约束HMX(qy-HMX)进行表面包覆改性,并应用于固体推进剂中。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和差示扫描量热法-热重分析(DSC-TG)表征样品形貌结构和性能;通过电子万能试验机和动态热机械分析仪(DMA)评估硅烷包覆层对推进剂力学性能及界面特性的影响。结果表明,两种硅烷均能在晶体表面形成连续包覆层,未改变晶体晶型;硅烷包覆抑制了HMX转晶,HMX@A1130和HMX@A1160相变温度分别提升了2.3 ℃和9.8 ℃,相稳定性提高。力学测试表明,两种硅烷能有效提高推进剂在低温(-50 ℃)条件下的抗拉强度,其中A1130改性的推进剂在-50 ℃、500 mm·min-1下的黏附指数由1. 52降至1.24;在-50 ℃/10 mm·min-1工况下,HMX@A1130和HMX@A1160改性推进剂的抗拉强度分别提升29.9%和31.6%,最大延伸率分别提升57.8%和125.3%。DMA结果表明,A1130改性推进剂的损耗因子tanδ峰值由空白配方的0.51降至0.47,降低了体系低温范围内的tanδ值,表明“脱湿”现象得到改善,断面形貌分析与拉伸及DMA测试结果一致。说明两种硅烷偶联剂的加入具有较显著的界面改性作用,A1130能抑制端羟基聚丁二烯HTPB体系的界面“脱湿”。

    Abstract:

    To enhance the mechanical properties of HTPB four-composite solid propellants, 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyl-trimethoxysilane (A1130) and ureidopropyltriethoxysilane (A1160) were employed to modify the surface of HMX and qy-HMX, followed by their application in solid propellant formulation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscope (AFM) and thermal analysis (DSC-TG) were used to test the morphology, structure and performance of the samples. The interfacial enhancement effects were systematically investigated using an electronic universal testing machine and dynamic thermomechanical analyzer (DMA) to assess mechanical properties and adhesion characteristics. Results demonstrate that silane treatment forms continuous coating layers without changing the crystalline structure. Silane coating inhibits effectively the transformation of HMX, increasing the phase transition temperature of HMX@A1130 and HMX@A1160 to 193.9 ℃ and 201.4 ℃, which are 2.3 ℃ and 9.8 ℃ higher than that of raw HMX. The mechanical tests reveal significant improvements in propellant tensile strength across both high temperature (70 ℃) and low temperature (-50 ℃) conditions. Notably, A1130-modified propellant exhibits enhanced tensile strength at -50 ℃/500 mm·min-1, with the adhesion index reduced from 1.52 to 1.24 at -50 ℃/500 mm·min-1. Under -50 ℃/10 mm·min-1, the tensile strength of propellants modified with HMX@A1130 and HMX@A1160 increasing by 29.9% and 31.6%, and the maximum elongation increased by 29.9% and 31.6%, respectively. DMA results show that the peak value of loss factor for the A1130-modified propellant decreased from 0.51 to 0.47, indicating a mitigation of the interfacial ‘dewetting’ phenomenon at low temperatures. The fracture surface morphology analysis results are in good agreement with the tensile test and DMA test. It shows that the addition of two silane coupling agents has a significant interfacial modification effect, and A11330 can inhibit the interfacial ‘dewetting’ on hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene system.

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覃元,蒲睿,严启龙. 基于有机硅包覆HMX的推进剂界面增强研究[J]. 含能材料,DOI:10.11943/CJEM2025053.

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  • 收稿日期: 2025-03-21
  • 最后修改日期: 2025-07-14
  • 录用日期: 2025-07-21
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