To address the low energy release efficiency of aluminum powder as a metallic fuel， aluminum-based composite fuels containing 3%-6% polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） were prepared using mechanical alloying. The powders were characterized using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） to analyze their microstructures and phase compositions. The active aluminum content was measured by gas volumetric analysis， and the combustion calorific values were determined using oxygen bomb calorimetry. Thermal oxidation properties were evaluated through thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry （TG-DSC） and a custom-built rapid heating oxidation setup. SEM and XRD results revealed that the composite aluminum powder modified with 4% PVDF dispersion prevented the formation of a continuous Al₂O₃ shell during heating. TG-DSC analysis showed a 76.7% oxidation weight gain at 1300 ℃ for the composite powder， representing a 35.8% improvement over pure aluminum powder （40.9%）. Rapid oxidation tests at 1100 ℃ demonstrated a 64.6% weight gain after 120 s for the composite powder， which is 41.2% higher than the 23.4% weight gain of pure aluminum. These findings highlight the critical role of PVDF dispersion modification in enhancing the oxidation activity and efficiency of aluminum powder.