To explore the catalysis in energy-containing explosives, an iron-based monoatomic catalyst (Fe-NC@PC) were successfully obtained by high-temperature calcination. The physical phase composition, morphological structure and catalytic thermal decomposition performance were studied by X-ray Powder diffractometer (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Spherical Aberration Corrected Transmission Electron Microscope(ACTEM), X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS), and Thermogravimetric-differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG-DSC). Results show that Fe atoms were supported on the surface of the carrier by Fe-N bonds, which can effectively promote the thermal decomposition of energetic components of solid propellant. When the addition of Fe-NC@PC is 5% and the single atom loading of Fe in the catalyst is only 0.98% (the content of effective components is about 0.05%), the exothermic decomposition peak temperature of four representative high-energy components for propellants, such as 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7), cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzane (CL-20) and 5,5’-bistetrazole-1,1’-diolate (TKX-50) were advanced by 34.6℃, 9.4℃, 6.3℃ and 27.9℃ respectively, which achieved the effect that the content of effective components in traditional catalyst was more than 2%, and the catalytic effect was extremely remarkable. Then, the influence of Fe-NC@PC on the thermal decomposition characteristics and kinetic parameters of the above high-energy components was investigated. By developing Fe-based monoatomic burning rate catalyst, the scope of combustion catalyst for solid propellant and the object of catalytic pyrolysis are expanded, which has high academic reference value and application value.