The study and application of explosion containment vessels （ECVs） subjected to internal blast loading is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary issue encompassing energetic materials， explosion and impact dynamics， and vibration mechanics. The investigation on the internal blast effects and dynamic mechanical behavior of ECVs is an important foundation for enhancing the explosion-resistant performance of equipments， and the mechanisms of strain growth and anti-intuitive phenomenon are important scientific issues. The relevant research progress and key scientific findings are reviewed from five aspects： the internal blast loading characteristics and effects within ECVs， the dynamic response mechanisms of metal ECVs， the complex working conditions of ECVs， the blast effects of thermobaric explosives and fragmentation warheads， as well as composite ECVs. The analysis demonstrates that establishing an effective mechanical analysis model and fully revealing the dynamic response mechanisms of structures can effectively guide blast damage assessment and protective structures’ analysis and design under complex working conditions. Considering the challenges and opportunities posed by high destructive explosives and high-performance protective materials， this study proposes the fundamental directions and emerging trends in the study of blast damage and safety protection.