CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS
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叠层复合装药爆炸过程中铝粉分布及后燃释能特性
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1.西安近代化学研究所;2.北京理工大学机电学院;3.火箭军工程大学

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Characteristics of Spatial Distribution of Aluminum Powder and Afterburning Energy Release During the Explosion Process of Laminated Composite Charge
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1.Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an , China;2.School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology;3.Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi′an , China

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    摘要:

    为探究叠层复合装药结构对铝粉后燃烧释能过程的影响规律,采用爆速差约1.8 km·s-1的高爆速炸药及温压炸药制备成层厚相同的叠层复合装药,通过自由空间爆炸实验及密闭空间内爆炸实验分别研究了火球演变过程、不同气体环境下各反应阶段产生的机械能,并结合数值仿真分析了爆炸过程中的铝粉分布特性。结果表明:该叠层复合装药中温压炸药受到高爆速炸药的轴向挤压,加快了爆轰产物及铝粉的径向扩散速率,将铝粉云团的平均浓度降低约至温压型均匀装药的60%~80%,尾部区域仅约为50%,致使铝粉的无氧燃烧速率及输出的机械能降低;温压炸药在爆轰和无氧燃烧阶段产生的机械能之和约为温压型均匀装药的81%,但有氧燃烧阶段产生的机械能显著增加,使其产生的机械能总量未显著改变,叠层复合装药结构通过调整铝粉的空间分布,可在不损失装药总能量的前提下,有效调节温压炸药在不同阶段的后燃反应及释能过程。

    Abstract:

    To investigate the influence of the structure of a laminated composite charge on its energy release during the afterburning process of aluminum powder, a composite charge with a multiple sandwich structure of uniform layer thickness was prepared by introducing two types of explosives namely high explosive and thermobaric explosive. The high explosive with a higher detonation velocity than that of the thermobaric explosive by 1.8 km·s-1. The evolutionary process of the fire ball and the mechanical energy in different ambient environment during various reaction stages were independently investigated in free-air and confined explosion experiments. Additionally, the distribution characteristics of aluminum powder throughout the explosion were assessed through integrated numerical simulation. The results showed that the thermobaric explosive layer was axially compressed by the high explosive layer, resulting in an increase in the radial diffusion rate of both detonation products and aluminum powder. Furthermore, the average concentration of the aluminum powder cloud was reduced to 60%-80% of that in a homogeneous thermobaric charge, and even to 50% in the tail region, finally resulting in a reduction of anaerobic combustion rate of aluminum powder, as well as the mechanical energy released by aluminum powder. In the laminated composite charge, the total mechanical energy released by thermobaric explosive in detonation and anaerobic combustion process was about 81% of that in a corresponding homogeneous thermobaric charge. However, the mechanical energy produced during the aerobic combustion stage increased significantly, leading to the total mechanical energy remained approximately stable. This study indicated that the laminated composite charge structure could efficiently regulate the afterburning reaction and energy release of thermobaric explosives in different reaction stages by adjusting the spatial distribution of aluminum powder without losing the total energy of the charge.

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沈飞,王媛婧,王奕鑫,等. 叠层复合装药爆炸过程中铝粉分布及后燃释能特性[J]. 含能材料,DOI:10.11943/CJEM2024221.

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  • 收稿日期: 2024-08-25
  • 最后修改日期: 2024-10-26
  • 录用日期: 2024-10-24
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-10-25
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