In order to study the combustion characteristics of aluminum powder in the detonation environment， based on the combustion model of aluminum powder in the detonation environment， the non-isothermal combustion model of aluminum powder in the detonation environment was established by comprehensively considering the effects of gas components of the detonation products and the temperature of the detonation environment system on the combustion and energy release process of aluminum powder. The non-isothermal combustion control equations of aluminum powder in the detonation environment， including the combustion process of aluminum powder， the gas components of the detonation products and the temperature of the detonation environment system， were proposed. And it was verified by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy experiments. The results show that the deviation between the calculated values of the non-isothermal combustion model control equation of aluminum powder and the experimental values of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy is within 12%， which verifies the accuracy of the theoretical model calculation. The laws of the influence of aluminum powder particle size and aluminum-oxygen ratio on the combustion characteristics of aluminum powder in explosives were obtained.