CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS
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电化学合成偶氮桥连富氮杂环含能化合物的研究进展
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作者单位:

南京理工大学化学与化工学院

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基金项目:

国家自然科学基金(22175093),中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(30923010929),中国博士后科学基金(2022M721615)


Research Progress in Electrochemical Synthesis of Azo Bridged Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Energetic Compounds
Author:
Affiliation:

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology

Fund Project:

Grant support: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22175093), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China (No.30923010929), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2022M721615)

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    摘要:

    偶氮桥连富氮杂环含能化合物在含能材料领域应用广泛。传统构建偶氮桥连化合物通常采用氧化偶联法,存在安全风险高和环境污染严重等问题。电化学合成方法由于其高效、可控和环境友好等优点备受研究者青睐。本文围绕近年来呋咱、吡唑、三唑、四唑等偶氮桥连富氮杂环含能材料的电化学合成研究,介绍了电解质和电极等条件对反应的影响,总结了不同偶氮桥连富氮杂环含能化合物的电化学合成机理,提出了未来的研究方向,如采用电化学制备传统方法无法合成的含能分子,利用电化学方法实现氮-氮单键、碳-氮单键、分子内偶氮键等化学键的构建,和探索稠环以及连环等复杂含能材料的电化学合成以及电化学合成方法的工程化放大研究等,为电化学合成偶氮桥连富氮含能分子的研究和采用电化学方法制备含能材料提供参考。未来研究中可以通过电化学方法实现已知含能材料的绿色合成,并且定制化生产和开发传统有机合成方法无法制备的高性能新含能材料。

    Abstract:

    Azido-bridged nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic compounds have high heat of formation and low mechanical sensitivity, making them widely applicable in the field of energetic materials. However, traditional preparation methods often involve oxidative coupling, which poses high safety risks and severe environmental pollution. In contrast, the electrochemical synthesis method is favored by researchers for its efficiency, controllability, and environmental friendliness. By adjusting the electrochemical reaction conditions, selective synthesis of azido-bridged nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic compounds with different structures can be achieved, opening up new possibilities for their synthesis. This study reviews the electrochemical synthesis methods, effects of electrolytes and electrodes, and possible reaction mechanisms of azido-bridged nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic compounds such as furazan, pyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole and tetrazole. Additionally, future research directions are proposed, including the electrochemical preparation of energetic molecules that cannot be synthesised by traditional methods, the construction of nitrogen-nitrogen bonds, carbon-nitrogen bond through electrochemical method, and the synthesis of various fused/bis-heterocylcic energetic compounds. Furthermore, the scaled-up synthesis of these compounds via the electrochemical method is also discussed. The study provides a reference for the research and development of electrochemically synthesized azido-bridged rich nitrogen-containing energetic molecules.

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引用本文

刘磊,王泽涛,刘雨季,等.电化学合成偶氮桥连富氮杂环含能化合物的研究进展[J].含能材料, 2024, 32(6):672-682. DOI:10.11943/CJEM2024031.
LIU Lei, WANG Ze-tao, LIU Yu-ji, et al. Research Progress in Electrochemical Synthesis of Azo Bridged Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Energetic Compounds[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2024, 32(6):672-682. DOI:10.11943/CJEM2024031.

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历史
  • 收稿日期: 2024-01-18
  • 最后修改日期: 2024-04-19
  • 录用日期: 2024-04-14
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-04-18
  • 出版日期: 2024-06-25